Histopathology of Asthma

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The respiratory system processes oxygen using the lungs and airways, with the smallest functional unit being alveoli. The main functions of the respiratory system are air conduction, air filtration, and gas exchange (Ross 664). These functions are sometimes disrupted by disorders of the respiratory system, one of which is asthma.
Asthma is characterized by chronic coughing, wheezing, tightness of the chest, and shortness of breath, but some people may not experience these symptoms. Asthma is diagnosed with a physical exam, a lung function test called spirometry, chest x-rays, an allergy test, and a bronchoprovocation test to measure sensitivity to various common triggers (“What is Asthma?”). Internally, people with asthma experience a trigger which causes inflamed, swollen airways, which can lead to an asthma attack (“Learning More About Asthma”). Common triggers include cold air, allergens, irritants, sulfites, medications, respiratory infections, and physical activity (What is Asthma?”).
The etiology of asthma is not fully known, but the main factors that appear to play a role in the development of asthma are genetics, allergies, respiratory infections, and environment. If a child’s parents have asthma, the child is also likely to develop asthma. Certain allergies are associated with asthma (“Learning More About Asthma”). The risk of developing asthma increases if the child grows up in an environment where there are particles, like cigarette smoke, in the air. Another risk factor is if the child catches respiratory infections while the immune system and lungs are not fully developed. Parasites, such as Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, or the house dust mite, can also induce asthma. When the feces of the mite are inhaled, t...

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