At first, the aim of the Muslim League was to establish friendly relations between the Muslims and the British Crown. After the Royal decision of the annulment of the partition of Bengal in 1911, Muslim League saw that in order to get their requests dealt with, they need to form relations with the Congress, the representative party of Hindus. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the member of Congress, also joined the Muslim League in 1913. After witnessing the annulment, he worked on a pact to unite Muslims and Hindus which was eventually signed on 30th of December, 1916 at Lucknow.
The Congress accepted the Lucknow Pact, agreeing to the conditions presented by Muslims, such as separate electorates instead of joint electorates, one-third representation reserved for the Muslims in the Central Legislature, Executive should be separated from the Judiciary, Imperial Legislative Council would have Indians in it as well, and other concerns regarding the Legislative Council. A memorandum of this was addressed to the Viceroy in October, 1916 and was finally signed in the December and implemented as the act of Government of India. The British were made aware through this that whatever they try to hurl at the Muslims and Hindus, they would face it acceptingly. A hope was evident among the natives of the sub-continent that they can raise their voice against the Crown and eventually drive them out of India.
World War I brought effects to this side of the world as well. As a British colony, they expected us to provide materials as well as a cavalry to help them. The Muslims were of the other view since they saw that the British were turning hostile towards the Ottoman Empire and decided to break it down, literally. Khilafat Movement started in 1918 belong...
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...y unfavorable. Their objections were on points which they regarded as fundamental in the future constitution of India. The gulf b/w the two parties was at once revealed; separate electorates and the reservation of seats which the leaders of the Congress regarded as obstacles to the growth of Indian nationality, were insisted upon by the Muslims as the absolute minimum which they would accept.”
Maulana Shaukat Ali said,
“As a young man I had been a keen owner of greyhounds, but I have never seen greyhounds’ deal with a hare as the Hindus proposed to deal with the Muslims.”
Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar, criticizing in a unique way said:
“People are of God, country is of viceroy and the orders are of Hindu Mahaa Sabha.”
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah said,
“Hindu India and Muslim India have now been separated in such a manner that they will never be united”.
out against the injustice and urged the Indians, “to unite in claiming a common and equal right in
...ng religion and foreign to the people of India, yet there is a defied truth that Islam’s spread peacefully throughout India with the alliances formed between the Indian people, the Turks, and the Mongols. The encounters that the ancient Indian people had to endure with the Turks, Mongols, and Islam have had the most memorable impact and impression on Indian culture and other societies throughout the east. Ancient Indian history is often overlooked within our society, but perhaps there should be a second look at how the Indian people have became who they are today, what attributes that have given society, and what pandemonium they have overcame as a civilization to stay in existence and stand against the test of time.
The Partition of India led to millions of people displaced and marked as one of the largest mass migration ever over the world. August 15, 1947 was a very significant day for Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and many others. It marked the day of the British partition of India, and India won its freedom from colonial rule, ending nearly 200 years of British rule. This successful attainment of independence from colonial rule defined a narrative of religious nationalism, but also has led to displacement and violence between the two nation states of India and Pakistan. Once a peaceful union of Muslims and Hindus had become separated, whereas Muslims got Pakistan and Hindus got an independent India (Best et al, 2008). “The Other Side of Silence” (Butalia, 2000, pp.264-300) the oral testimony of a Punjabi woman Maya Rani, who was a child living in Pakistan during the Partition. Her testimony was crucial to understand the historiography of the event, because she was a witness of the impact of the Partition, but she was not directly involved in the violence that the emergence and independence of India that has brought.
...e about, the Muslim League and the Indian National Congress. These two parties had various disagreements, which lead to the Partition of 1947, which I believe was unavoidable. Before the Partition occurred the Rebellion of 1857 and various movements pushing for freedom took place, making a large impact on the history of India. In the end, after the partition occurred I believe that the violence and the hundreds of thousands of lives lost could have been avoided.
Khan, Yasmin. The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan. New Haven: Yale UP, 2007. Print.
Perry, A. (2003, August 5). Hindu Muslim conflict- India's Great Divide By Alex Perry. Hindu Muslim conflict- India's Great Divide By Alex Perry. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http://www.countercurrents.org/comm-perry050803.htm
One Indian native, Dadabhai Naoroji, had mixed views about what was going on. He states it was “...A great blessing; politically peace and order on one hand....on the other
After WW2 Britten had been considerably weaken because of World War 2. The fighting also took an exhausting tool on them and on the military and financial recourses. They were so exhausted from the war that they did not resist much when a global independence move swept through the countries they colonized. While the colonized people had a new desire to fight for their independence the Europeans were to war-weary and had little desire to fight back. For years now India had been demanding self-rule from Britten, but as their wish drew closer so did the tension between the Muslim minorities in a land who’s majority was Hindu. Most of the leaders in India were Hindu and they wanted to involve both Muslims and Hindus into the Congress Party. But
"Maharaja Ranjit Singh ruled his kingdom exactly according to the Sikh way of life and Sikhism considers everyone as friends and talks about the welfare of all irrespective of caste and creed."
Conflicts between Hindu’s and Muslim’s has been occurring for many years. First of all, the different religions are a conflict in itself because Hindu’s follow the belief of Hinduism while Muslim’s follow the belief of Islam. The biggest conflict of all that’s been happening for over sixty years and is still happening today, is their negotiation and war for controlling the land of Jammu and Kashmir.
In this article we will see how Dr.Rajendra Prasad played a pivotal role in independence movement. Though his extra-ordinary role in independence, he his remembered as the first president of India rather than a freedom fighter. This is because of his charismatic personality and the elegant way in which he carried the peace message of India to foreign country in post independence era. Amidst all this, we will see how unknowingly in the process of achieving the bigger goal of independence resulted in weakening of social fabric of Hindus and Muslim. Most importantly we would also investigate how the “bad evil”,that polluted the society in name of Indian culture, made the process of independence more complex and difficult. We would
Muslims are supposed to be a doctrinal or ideological universal community, united through the entire world by their faith in thinking, feeling and action. They all believe in and they are all committed to Islam and its values of doing good and spreading it. However the concrete reality is that natural barriers such as geography and ethnicity in addition to political, economic and cultural barriers, under colonialism and post colonial era have obstructed the supposed unity of the umma.
"A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance." -Jawarhalal Nehru
India is the center of a very serious problem in the world today. It’s a very diverse place with people from many different religious backgrounds, who speak many different languages and come from many different regions. They are also separated economically. Two of the country’s religious sects, Muslims and Hindus, have been in conflict for hundreds of years. Their feelings of mistrust and hatred for each other are embedded in all those years and will not leave easily. What’s most disturbing is that there seems to be no plan for reconciliation available. There are numerous reasons for this conflict.
The decision to grant independence to India was not the logical culmination of errors in policy, neither was it as a consequence of a mass revolution forcing the British out of India, but rather, the decision was undertaken voluntarily. Patrick French argues that: “The British left India because they lost control over crucial areas of the administration, and lacked the will and the financial or military ability to recover that control”.