At the start of 2007 the population of Finland was 5.3 million. Average life expectancy is 76 years for men and 83 years for women in 2005. The health of the Finnish population has considerably improved, but socioeconomic inequality in mortality is increasing. The most important public health problems are circulatory diseases, malignant tumours, musculoskeletal diseases, diabetes and mental health problems. Health problems are obesity, chronic lung diseases and diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. (Vuorenkoski L. 2008 ) `The foundation of the health services is laid down in the constitution of Finland . According to the constitution: Everyone shall be guaranteed by an act the right to basic subsistence in the event of unemployment, illness, and disability and during old age as well as at the birth of a child or the loss of a provider. The public authorities shall guarantee for everyone, as provided in more detail by an act, adequate social, health and medical services and promote the health of the population.´ (Vuorenkoski L. 2008 ) 2.1. Health system in Finland There are three different health care systems acting of public funding: municipal health care, private health care and occupational health care systems. Largest operator is a municipal health care. Every municipality must offer primary health services in health centre. Finland have 20 hospital districts (excluding Åland islands), which provision of municipal secondary care services. Each municipality must be a member and financed and managed of one hospital district. (Vuorenkoski L. 2008 ) The private sector provides about 16% of outpatient visits to physicians, 41% of outpatient visits to dentists and 5% of inpatient care periods. NHI covers about one thir... ... middle of paper ... ...gional Hospitals offer similar services like those agreed at district level, but there are specialists in various fields and offer additional services. Consultant Hospitals is the highest level of hospital services. There are four referral hospitals namely, the Muhimbili National Hospital which cater the eastern zone; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) which cater for the northern zone, Bugando Hospital which cater for the western zone; and Mbeya Hospital which serves the southern Highlands. Treatment Abroad is depending on the foreign exchange position. Some patients have to be sent for treatment abroad if facilities and equipment are not available in the country. Public Education is concerned with identifying prevailing health problems and disseminating to the public methods of preventing and controlling them involvement in Primary Health Care (PHC).
National Health Insurance provides universal access to the country’s healthcare. Private facilities are able to run hospitals and clinics, and patients receive the same services for the same cost in both private and public institutions. The following services are offered: emergency health, perinatal health, pediatric health, rural health care, and post-disaster healthcare. There are 1,069 psychiatric facilities that provide nursing care and health resources. Primary Care allows doctors to prescribe psychotherapeutic medicines, but nurses are not permitted to independently diagnose mental
Have you ever wondered if there is a country that is like America; well Finland is kinda like us. We have many things in common with Finland, such as: law, government, and freedom. Those are just a couple things. So imagine what other ways we are similar.
A recent phenomenon in the health services is the burgeoning of outpatient healthcare centers. Particularly vigorous growth has been observed in centers that perform diagnostic tests and simple surgeries and procedures like colonoscopies. At the current state, outpatient care centers outnumber hospitals in Pennsylvania. Furthermore, these centers now perform one of every four surgical and diagnostic procedures in the state (Levy 2006). However, the trend applies nationwide, and other states could easily follow suit. Many critics have commented on the negative and positive aspects of this trend. What remains to be determined are the long term effects (on health and the economy) of this paradigm shift, in terms of the wellness of the community as well as economically. Proponents of the movement have pointed to the lower overhead for these clinics trickling down to lower costs for patients. However, critics skeptically question whether the real benefits are for the patients or simply as a mechanism to stuff physicians' wallets. When considered as firms in the marketplace, it is evident that these two groups, both servicing the health needs of the community, have vastly different balance sheets and income statements. This transfers over to a difference in operational functionality, profitability, and cost structure. Furthermore, the disparity of financial motivations that is visible in the varying profit margins is of concern to the community. All of these are important considerations to be made when considering the economic implications of this new phenomenon.
Humans are mortal beings, therefore with life comes death; this is a certainty. What is not so certain is the quality of life which one will lead thereto; and the variances they will face in life which will underwrite a person’s health. Health, which can be measured, regulates the quality and longevity of people’s lives. People have long since philosophised that it is “luck of the draw” as to who are inflicted with illness or disease. In fact, through research and consensus reports, analysis has concluded that social, economic and environmental influences are contributing factors. This essay will explore some of the main issues regarding health and consequences of lifestyle choices. Furthermore, recognition and critique will be focused on the principal reports and recommendations therein regarding health inequalities.
As of April 1, 2010, many changes in the health care structure is changing. Many of these changes are reorganizing the responsibilities of who makes the decisions on how services are commissioned, the way money is spent and issuing more involvement from local authorities and opening up comp...
Hospital means any facility which has an organized medical staff and which is designed to provide health care, diagnostic, and therapeutic services and continuous nursing care primarily to inpatients and outpatients. The health system of Rwanda recognizes three levels of hospitals which are district hospitals, provincial hospitals and national referral hospitals.
According to marmot report, “inequalities are a matter of life and death”. Health inequality affects everyone except those at the very top of the social ladder. This is because health is socially graded – people farther down the social ladders are less healthy and have a shorter life expectancy as those at the top. Health Inequalities exist due to the unequal distribution of health in the society – “in the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age”.(2) Recent evidence shows that “socioeconomic factors such as income, wealth and education as the fundamental causes of wide range of health outcomes”.(3) For example in the UK, the rate of obesity has increased among adults in each social class, with the high increasing rate among the lower class. This inequality is stronger for women than men and also more among girls than
The state is responsible for the overall regulatory, supervisory and fiscal functions as well as for quality monitoring and planning of the distribution of medical specialties at the hospital level (Schäfer et al., 2010). The 5 regions are responsible for hospitals and for self-employed health care professionals, whereas the municipalities are responsible for disease prevention and health promotion rel...
Turrell, G. et al. (2006) Health inequalities in Australia: morbidity, health behaviors, risk factors and health service use. Canberra: Queensland University of Technology and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2006. Retrieved on March 29th, 2011 from http://152.91.62.50/publications/phe/hiamhbrfhsu/hiamhbrfhsu-c00.pdf.
Health inequalities in any country is an important issue. There are many reasons for inequalities in health, for example, gender and age, economic and social factors.
National health systems are assessed by the extent to which expenditure and actions in public health and medical care contributes to the crucial social goals of improving health, increasing access to quality healthcare, reducing health disparities, protecting citizens from penury due to medical e...
The hospital environment is accessible to the public. The hospital provides different services to the Taranaki region like ambulance, allied
The country faces various health challenges including a high burden of communicable diseases (such as HIV/AIDS that is responsible for 29.3% of all deaths, malaria and Tuberculosis) and non-communicable diseases (Government of Kenya, 2011). Health services are provided by government, missionaries, ...
In terms of access, everyone is required to buy and maintain health care within the first 3 months of living within the country. If one cannot afford insurance, the government subsidizes for low-income families. This is extremely important to make sure everyone has health care. Access again is obtained based on what canton on...
Education differs from one country to another because every country possesses its own system of education. However, it is commonly believed that Finland has the world’s best education system (Gamerman,2008). So, its education system differs in many ways from the other countries like the one in Germany. The Finnish education system consists of basic education, upper secondary and higher education (Vossensteyn,2008) whereas German education system consists of primary education, secondary education and tertiary education(Lohmar,2012). Even Though , 9-year schooling is compulsory in both countries, they differ in the types of schools, duration of the education and so on. In this paper, the similarities and differences between these two education system is going to be referred in more detail.