To select the countries for this task I searched for different criteria’s for development of nations. For my mind most reliable and suitable I found from United Nations Specialized Agencies, like IMF, World Bank Group and naturally WHO. My selections for this task are in addition to Finland are Democratic Republic of the Congo (later DRC) and Turkey.
DRC had the lowest GNI in year 2012 in the world, being 220 USD per capita and in year 2000 it was 90 USD per capita. In 2012 GNI in Turkey was 10 830 USD per capita and Finland 46 940 USD per capita, highest recorded was in Norway 98 860 USD. (World Bank 2013.)
I selected Turkey to this task because country is applying for membership of European Union and it is a very big country on the border of Europe and Asia. There is a lot of international migrants and also asylum seekers in Turkey from Asia and currently from Syrian crisis.
Most interesting comparisons or classifications I found was Human Development Index (HDI) and from that derived Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). Both reports are part Human Development report, which aim is to stimulate global, regional and national policy discussion on issues which are relevant to human development. (UNDP 2013a, UNDP 2013b.)
My aim in this task is to describe health care system of selected countries. I also try to estimate what is the effect of overall level of development of the country to the health care system.
2 DESCRIBING THE LEVEL OF DEVELPOMENT
Commonly used criteria for evaluating the level of nations economics is gross national income (GNI). GNI is converted to U.S dollars and it is a sum of resident producers and income from abroad. (World Bank 2013a.)
The growth rate of GDP (Gross domestic product) is often us...
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...for Turkey might be in the future migration to Turkey and asylum seekers.
Finland’s problem and challenge in health care services is how to rearrange them in more effective way. I feel that no more money is needed, the question is how to utilise it. At the moment the discussion is at state level.
During this course I got good feeling about UN’s and its subsidiary bodies, funds and foundations and specialized agencies work, they are doing tremendously important work together with governments and NGO’s.
I’m not as much assured about companies CSR, DRC is rich on minerals which are needed in many electronic devices, for example in cell phones and military devices. There are many video clips in You Tube, from where you make your opinion about CSR and get an overall picture of condition s in DRC. Here is one example Conflict Minerals, Rebels and Child Soldiers in Congo.
"World Bank, World Development Indicators-Google Public Data Explorer." Google. World Bank, World Development Indicators, 28 July 2011. Web. 19 Sept. 2011. .
In this paper, there will be a comparative analysis to the United States (U.S.) healthcare system and Canadians healthcare system highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of both.
World Bank. (2012). World Development Indicators and Global Development Finance, annual data for multiple years, 242 countries. Retrieved from http://databank.worldbank.org
The U.S. healthcare system is very complex in structure hence it can be appraised with diverse perspectives. From one viewpoint it is described as the most unparalleled health care system in the world, what with the cutting-edge medical technology, the high quality human resources, and the constantly-modernized facilities that are symbolic of the system. This is in addition to the proliferation of innovations aimed at increasing life expectancy and enhancing the quality of life as well as diagnostic and treatment options. At the other extreme are the fair criticisms of the system as being fragmented, inefficient and costly. What are the problems with the U.S. healthcare system? These are the questions this opinion paper tries to propound.
Nascimento, J. (2013).Healthcare systems in Brazil and the United States: A comparative analysis. Retrieved from: http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/etd
Healthcare systems are put in place so that they can meet and satisfy the healthcare needs of a people within a geographical area. They have the mandate to deliver healthcare services to the intended group or population and ensure fair...
Jutta, J., Rico, A., & Cetani, T. (2002). Finland. Health Care Systems in Transition. www.euro.who.int/document/e74071.pdf. Retrieved March 3, 2012, from www.euro.who.int
In a universal health care system, the quality of care does not match that of a managed care system because because patients do not have as much say in their health care, wait times are longer versus a managed care, the actual care maybe viewed as less optimal, and doctors may not able to handle the stress of such a system. A universal health care system adds a political side to any type of medical decision because th...
Denmark is a small high-income country with a high population density, is governed by a constitutional monarchy, has a central parliament and is administratively divided into regions, municipalities and has 2 dependencies (Greenland and the Faroe Islands) (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009). It has a national health service (funded by general taxation) and a decentralized healthcare system in which the individual regions run most services and the municipalities are responsible for some public health services (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009). However, a process of (re) centralization (under the structural reform of 2007) has been taking place, which has lowered the number of regions from 14 to 5 and the municipalities from 275 to 98 (Olejaz, Nielsen, Rudkjøbing, Okkels, Krasnik & Hernández-Quevedo, 2012; Schäfer et al., 2010). The hospital structure is also undergoing reform, moving towards fewer, bigger and more specialized hospitals (Olejaz, Nielsen, Rudkjøbing, Okkels, Krasnik & Hernández-Quevedo, 2012). Greenland and the Faroe Islands are independent in health matters but follow the Danish Legislation (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009). The National Board of Health (NBH) (based in Copenhagen) is responsible for the legislation concerning dentistry in Denmark (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009; Schäfer et al., 2010).
A country’s health care system refers to all the institutions, programs, personnel, procedures, and the resources that are used to meet the health needs of its population. Health care systems vary from one country to another, depending on government policies and the health needs of the population. Besides, health care programs are flexible in the sense that they are tailored to meet health needs as they arise. Among the stakeholders in the formulation of a country’s health care system are governments, religious groups, non-governmental organizations, charity organizations, trade/labor unions, and interested individuals (Duckett, 2008). These entities formulate, implement, evaluate, and reform health services according to the needs of the sections of the population they target.
Residents living in Finland are entitled to health care coverage through a public or municipal system. The government typically provides 50 percent of the cost for medical benefits and provides subsidies for cash sickness as well as maternity benefits (Boslaugh, 2013). Currently, the majority of health care services provided by municipalities are free or relatively low in cost to the patient. World Health Organization ranked Finland as being one of the top-rated countries in fairness of financial contribution to health systems (WHO,
Johnsen JR. Health System in Transition: Norway. Coenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, 2006. www.euro.who.int/Document/E88821.pdf
Every country wants to believe they have the best healthcare system, but what determines which system really is the best. In 2000, the World Health Organization became the first to publish an analysis of the world’s healthcare systems. The analysis was based on the following five indicators: population health overall, health disparities, overall responsiveness of the health system, distribution of responsiveness based on economic status, and who covers the financial burden. Based on that report, USA ranked 37th, Canada ranked 30th, Germany ranked 25th, and UK ranked 18th (Coutsoukis, 2000). The comparison was extremely difficult, and the report was heavily criticized.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services produced by factors of production within a country in a given period of time. It can be calculated using either the income, output, or expenditure method as illustrated on the circular flow of income diagram below.
This paper would seek to look at healthcare systems from a U.S perspective. Whileit may differ in the arrangement and the degree of overlappingthe components are the fundamental basis for every healthcare system whetherall aspects are consolidated by the government or privately run.