H.323 is a protocol used for transmission of real-time video and audio data over a packet-switched network like Internet Protocol. It is a protocol standard for multimedia communications. H.323 protocol is maintained by the Study Group 16 within the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) Telecommunication Standardization Sector, also known as ITU-T. Most VoIP application utilizes H.323 protocol, since it supports call forwarding, call setup and teardown. A key feature of H.323 protocol is QoS (Quality of Service), which allows traffic management and real-time prioritization to be placed over Ethernet. Apart from packet switched network, it also supports multimedia communications over Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), 3G mobile networks and Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN).
In 1996, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) published the first version of H.323 with an importance of enabling videoconferencing over a LAN (Local Area Network). It was quickly implemented by the companies over an IP network (including WAN) as a means of transmitting audio communica...
In this lab, we used Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which is a connection oriented protocol, to demonstrate congestion control algorithms. As the name itself describes, these algorithms are used to avoid network congestion. The algorithms were implemented in three different scenarios i.e. No Drop Scenario, Drop_Fast Scenario and Drop_NoFast Scenario.
With an IPv4 network, all the work consisting of network renumbering and assigning of new address schemes would had been done manually. Another useful feature of IPv6 is the multi-homing technique. It allows simultaneous connections which are established to two ISPs. Compared to IPv4, IPv6 has a much simpler packet header structure, which is designed to minimize the time and efforts that go in to header processing. IPv6 offers better end-to-end connectivity than its predecessor IPv4. The most exciting applications to emerge in todays world is peer-to-peer applications such as multi-player online games, video-conferencing (streaming), file sharing and
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM What are the strengths and weaknesses of Telerik’s communication strategy and practices? Strengths :- 1. What is the difference between a. and a. Employees at Telerik work in an open space. The atmosphere is informal, flexible and open.
“a global leader in unified communications (UC) solutions with industry-leading telepresence, video, voice and Polycom UC Intelligent Core™ infrastructure solutions—all built on open standards. Polycom's vision and strategy is to enable UC Everywhere—allowing people to communicate and collaborate anywhere on multiple devices” (Polycom Corporate, 2011).
To effectively convey the importance of SC to other Soldiers, a Sergeant Major would have to remain intimately familiar with the government’s message as it supports the overall mission and the commander’s intent. A key aspect the Sergeant Major’s role is fostering a consistent message within the unit.
121 Express is a fiction reflecting Monique Polak’s fascination with the mischief that evolved around the fictional students on the 121 express. In the beginning of the book the reader meets Lucas Samson, the new kid that will be attending Lorne Crest School. In his past, he considered himself a ‘nerd,’ but now he wants to fit in with the ‘cool kids.’ Unlike some kids, he cares about what others think of him. He’ll do anything to not be a ‘nerd; or ‘loser,’ whatever it takes. His character is dynamic, he displays his liberating take on situations and also a can be quite the culprit. Especially with the influence of his ‘friends’ being around. Pierre, Jake and Georgie are all troublemakers. They persuade Lucas to do wild acts in order to prove just how far he is willing to go to gain their approval. Even to the extent of
Spanning tree protocol is a protocol that prevents loops that are not wanted in a network. In order for a network to work properly it has to have only one active path between two network stations. If there are multiple active paths between stations loops can and will occur. When loops occur, there can sometimes be duplicate messages in the network. The loops are created by the network and if the devices that connect the network segments are all configured to forward, they will continuously forward frames into an endless network loop. If there are enough loops going then a frame will not reach its destination. The reason duplicate messages occur is because sometimes switches will see situations appear on both sides of it. When this occurs that is when spanning tree protocol comes in. In order to shut down the loops bridges and switches exchange BPDU messages with other bridges and switches to detect loops and then remove them by shutting down selected bridge interfaces. BPDU is short for bridge protocol data unit. Bridge protocol data units are part of the spanning tree protocol and they help describe and identify the parts of a switch port. The bridge protocol data unit allows switches to obtain information about each other. All the switches gather information from each other by exchanging data messages. In order for them to exchange messages they have to elect a root switch for the topology. The root switch has to be unique. The way they elect they have to have a unique switch for every local area network segment. To exchange messages they have to remove all loops by putting them in a backup state. Now to talk about states there is 5 different states. Two of the five states do not participate in frame forwarding. Frame forwarding is what the three main states do. The three main states are listening, learning, and forwarding. The other 2 are blocking state and disabled state. When you enable the spanning tree protocol the network goes through the blocking state and then the listening state and learning state are enabled after being turned on. If the protocol is properly configured the ports are stabilized to the forwarding or blocking state. The blocking state does not participate in the frame forwarding. It removes frames that are received from the attached segment. It also discards frames from another port for forwarding.
When looking at the best standards to use for VoIP it is important to make sure the quality of the call is sufficient to be used in a business environment. For example if setting up a wireless based VoIP system you would need to make sure you’re using 802.11n or 802.11ac to ensure the bandwidth is able travel to reduce lag and jitter during the call. Also, when setting up a wired based system you will need to make sure you have a high-speed backbone to your network from the point of the switch managing the VoIP calls. This can be enabled by using gigabit links and also making sure you are using Cat 6 cabling to further reduce jitter, lag and dropped packets.
In terms of the technology, all the elements are falling into place to deliver high-quality video from the Net directly to viewers in their living rooms. Software has been developed to ensure the quality of video distributed over the Net. And companies such as Microsoft and Cisco Systems' Linksys home division are developing products that enable Internet video to be viewed on TV sets instead of only on PC screens.
Wainfan, L., & Davis, P. K. (2004). Challenges in virtual collaboration: Videoconferencing, audioconferencing, and computer-mediated communications. Santa Monica, Calif: Rand.
When electronic devices transfer information to another electronic device, the devices need to know when data flow is beginning and ending. This is done with signals for synchronization.i
Internet Protocol version 4 is the current standard “IP” protocol used with Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which is the protocol for Internet addressing. Like the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, TCP/IP has its own model. The TCP/IP network model represents reality in the world, whereas the OSI model represents an ideal. The TCP/IP network model has four basic layers. The first layer, Network interface layer, deals with all physical components of network connectivity between the network and the IP protocol. Next the Internet layer contains all functionality that manages the movement of data between two network devices over a routed network. Then the Transport layer manages the flow of traffic between two hosts or devices, ensuring that data arrives at the application on the host for which it is targeted. And last, the Application layer acts as final endpoints at either end of a communication session between two network hosts (Tetz).
Making a telephone call no longer should conjure up visions of operators connecting cables by hand or even of electrical signals causing relays to click into place and effect connections during dialing. The telephone system now is just a multilevel computer network with software switches in the network nodes to route calls get through much more quickly and reliably than they did in the past. A disadvantage is the potential for dramatic and widespread failures; for as has happened.
The TCP/IP is the most important internet operation protocol in the world. While IP protocol performs the mass of the functions which is needed for the internet to work. It does not have many capabilities which are essential and needed by applications. In TCP/IP model these tasks are performed by a pair of protocols that operate at the transport layer. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). These two protocols are vital when it comes to delivering and managing the communication of numerous applications. To pass on data streams to the proper applications the Transport layer must identify the target application. First, to be able to attain this, Transport layer assigns an application an identifier. In the TCP/IP model call this identifier a port number. Every individual software process needing to access the network is assigned a un...
People in the present society have turned from the use of the old means of communication to the more advanced and technological ways of communicating. Technology has made it easier for people to communicate in a faster, efficient, and cost saving means through the introduction of the communication channels. The world has turned out to be the centre for technology with different technologies emerging daily as the people continue to develop from time to time to cope with the growing technology. The benefits of adopting the communication technology are explained in this article which shows why people do not function without technology.