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From Renaissance to modern art
Art history chapter 4
Art history chapter 4
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Recommended: From Renaissance to modern art
With cities spattered in looming cathedrals and marble sculptures and with bookshelves still faithful to classic works of literature and performance, the arts have proved themselves durable to the test of time. Long have these creations provided undying testament to mankind’s achievement and a window into the past. Perhaps no other category of art lends itself more to a view of history than the fine arts, or high arts, tradition with its well preserved pieces guarded and carefully designed to withstand the battery of time. Works belonging to the fine arts tradition were historically kept alive through wealthy benefactors. However, economic classes began to level out, and wealth was no longer restricted to the few considered “elite”. Now, the financial support of the fine arts is a decision that requires the input of many and so the decision becomes that of elected officials. With a decrease in available private subsidizing, government must step in to provide funding for the fine arts in an attempt to reap the many benefits towards the economy, the culture, and society as a whole.
Unlike works in the folk arts and popular arts traditions, whose utility and prevalence make them easily marketable, the meaning behind works in the fine arts tradition is simply lost in time and so lacks current relevance. Works such as these, that have lost patronage due to shifting economic classes, require funding from government organizations to stay afloat amongst an audience that values the latest in innovation (INART005). Once seen as crucial entertainment and historical reference, private donors allayed the cost of the fine arts. Their value as testimony to the record of a society was held high. In some instances, artwork is the on...
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... artists long past who made the effort to create lasting testaments to the existence of their cultures for future generations to see.
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INART005 Performing Arts. The College of Arts & Architecture at The Pennsylvania State University, 2011. Web. 7 April 2011.
National Endowment for the Arts. National Endowment for the Arts. Web. 10 Sep. 2011.
Radbourne, Jennifer. “Social Intervention or Market Intervention? A Problem for Governments in Promoting the Value of the Arts.” International Journal of Arts Management 5.1 (2002): 50-61. Proquest Research Library: The Arts. Web. 10 Sep. 2011.
Over the decades, art has been used as a weapon against the callousness of various social constructs - it has been used to challenge authority, to counter ideologies, to get a message across and to make a difference. In the same way, classical poetry and literature written by minds belonging to a different time, a different place and a different community have somehow found a way to transcend the boundaries set by time and space and have been carried through the ages to somehow seep into contemporary times and shape our society in ways we cannot fathom.
Thoughts about art changed and evolved in many ways over time. Efland’s The History of Art Education: Intellectual and Social Currents in Teaching the Visual Arts offers a concise history of art education, chronicling its changes and evolutions. In chapters two and three, Efland begins with attitudes towards art in the Hellenistic time period and moves forward through the Roman Empire, Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Industrial Revolution. According to Efland, during the Hellenistic time period, owning artwork related to status, to a degree, yet the artist was not considered to be an esteemed profession. The primary role of Roman education was to prepare individuals to work for the state. As a result, visual art did not play a role in formal educational practice. Moving forward in time to the Middle Ages, life revolved around faith. While art did play a role in the lives of the people, it was in the form of craft guilds. The apprentice system became more prevalent during this time period as well. It was not until the Renaissance that craft and art became separate entities. Although fine art was stressed more in the educational setting, and students were taught formal skills during this time period, it...
"Useful Quotes for Arts Advocates." Performingartsconvention.org. National Performing Arts Convention, 2010. Web. 7 Nov. 2013
Kenrick, John. Musical Theatre A History. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group, 2008. Print.
Tunks, J. (1997). Integrating community arts programming into the curriculum: A case study in Texas. Arts Education Policy Review, Vol. 98 Issue 3, p21, 6p.
The duty of the National Endowment for the Arts is to foster the growth of the
“First, the Free Speech, 2000 article stated that cultural funding is less than one-hundredth of one percent (.001%) of the federal government’s multi-billion dollar budget, and a mere 36 cents per capita” (1). This little snippet of information demonstrates that there’s no reason to not fund the arts. The article goes on to say “…data suggests such a cut could increase the
Fine arts are essentially courses that promote learning and creativity in the lives of children. Texas has been ranked 49th in the nation spending only eighteen cents per capita in the arts. This simply shows that there aren't enough predominant resources to fund these pro...
In the article “Conditions of Trade,” Michael Baxandall explains that fifteenth-century Italian art is a “deposit” resulting from the commercial interaction between the artist and the purchaser, who he refers to as a client. These works, as such, are “fossils of economic life,” and money, and they play an important role in the history of art. In our current perception of the relationship between the artist and art, “painters paint what they think is best, and then look around for a buyer” . However in the past, especially during the Renaissance period, the customers determined the content and form of paintings, as it was them who commissioned the work before it was created. He states that the artists and clients were interconnected and a legal agreement was drawn up specifying subject matter, payment scheme and the quality and quantity of colors, which would influence the artist’s painting style. Baxandall not only looks at the explanation of the style of painting that reflects a society, but also engages in the visual skills and habits that develop out of daily life. The author examines the situations between the painter and client within the commercial, religious, perceptual, and social institutions, centrally focusing on markets, materials, visual practices, and the concept of the Renaissance period, which saw art as an institution. Baxandall notes that Renaissance paintings also relate to the clients’ motives through such ways as possession, self-commemoration, civic consciousness, and self-advertisement. The author considers works of a wide variety of artistic painters, for instance, Filippo Lippi, Fra Angelico, Stefano di Giovanni, Sandro Botticelli, Luca Signorelli, and numerous others. He defines and exemplifies fiftee...
Though art is something everyone should be able to enjoy but more often than not there is not enough money to support the arts and artist across the country. So who is there to help with these problems, groups like the NEA, the National Endowment for the Arts. This independent government agency that offers support and funding for projects that exhibit artistic excellence. The NEA has been helping the art community by giving money to some of the newer as well as the artist that have been around for a while, art educators and more. The group has done many wonderful things by funding alone and have help out numerous artist. But the funding they have provided has come with controversy. Which brings us to the question the public funding a good thing or not?
Much too often in America today, modern music and art programs in schools are perceived to many as extracurricular activities rather than important subjects that are vital to a students learning and skill development. The truth of the matter is that encouraging music and art education in public schools has a much larger impact on student’s grades, academic performance, and the economy than the majority people realize. Within the next year city school budgets will be dropping by twenty five percent, and despite the fact that music and art programs have been showing a dramatic contribution to student’s learning, this substantial drop in funding for the programs will lead to no dedicated money for art or music programs (Mezzacappa). There is no doubt that a cut in funding for art programs will take a huge toll on students overall grades and test scores. Research has found that the studying of music and art facilitates learning in other subjects and enhances children’s skills in other areas (Brown). Furthermore, providing students with a creative outlet can do great justice in reducing the stress from many other classes and even offer insight for students in possible career paths involving the art field. The art industry today currently supports 4.1 million full-time jobs (Dorfman). By increasing the funding of music and art programs for students preschool through twelfth grade we can see a dramatic increase in the education of children across the United States, assist with skill development in young students, and greatly benefit the economy at the same time.
...rts into schools is not as hard as it seems. Including arts in the class room is a simple as playing music. It is proven that just listening to music or even a simple rhythm will engage both sides of the brain and help it to learn more efficiently (Weber 1). Even though this country is in an economic recession, fine arts are a necessity to the schools. The arts may cost a little extra money, but in the end the benefits of keeping fine arts in the school system will bring about rewards never imagined. The students will have a safe place to express themselves, a motivation to stay in school, and a higher test score. Fine arts are evidently needed; so now, what will people do to make sure that the arts have a permanent place in the schools? Will people realize the difference the arts make and change their ways, or will the voice of fine arts dwindle and die?
Fisher, I. (2007, April 22). Affordable Europe | Rome; In the Eternal City, Priceless Art for No
Edelman, M. (1995). “The Cardinal Political Role of Art.” Art to Politics: How Artistic creations
Witherbee, A. (2013). Counterpoint: Education, the Masses, and Art. Points Of View: Arts Funding, 6. Retrieved April 19,2014 , from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pwh&AN=12421040&site=pov-live