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debate on globalization is better than localization
balancing the tension between globalization and localization
balancing the tension between globalization and localization
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Since its discovery back in the year 1858 crude oil has been become one of the most sought after resources on the face of the planet. It is due to this fact that the oil industry has fallen into a rather odd category in the case of globalization and seeking out new markets, new labor and new customers. The reason being that the need for crude oil and fuel is always present therefore the product of oil in its basic sense sells itself and the companies do not have to go out and publicly advertise it in the sense that clothing lines and other commodities do. Oil companies must focus more on the matter of why an individual should buy their oil and along with other alternative fuels over their competitors even though in the end the companies products are the same thing. The company ExxonMobil has been the superior company in the oil industry for quite sometime now, and had plenty of success as individual companies before their merger in 1999. The reason for there success is partially due to the power they wield as the most successful company, leading to many new refineries around the world, making deals with smaller companies to gain access to new markets and are leading the world in alternative fuel research. However these things all come naturally to the biggest oil company in the industry, the real question is how they became the powerhouse they are now. That question can be answered by the way in which the company has not focused in globalizing their product of fuel and oil, but globalizing the image of the company company. This is achieved by focusing on charity in which they donate hundreds of millions of dollars, Foreign Direct Investment in areas in which they wish to expand by attempting to provide these impoverished areas wit...
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...Bloomberg. Found at: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-09/exxon-to-build-10-billion-u-s-lng-export-plant-with-qatar-1-.html
9) Lauren D’Elia (2010) Algea Biodiesel, WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE Found at: http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-101610-134209/unrestricted/AlgaeIQP10-11-2010[all][final].pdf
10)Alexander H. Tullo (2007) Texas Hold Em, Chemical Engineering News. Volume 85 Issue 15 | pp. 24-25
11)Hoovers. Found at: http://subscriber.hoovers.com.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/H/company360/financialHistory.html?companyId=10537000000000
12) Brad A. Andres (1997) The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Disrupted the Breeding of Black Oystercatchers. The Journal of Wildlife Management. Vol. 61, no. 4 pp. 1322-1328
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14) Bettina B. F. Wittneben, (2012) Climate Change and the Emergence of New Organizational Landscapes. Sage Journals. vol. 33 no. 11
As America’s first billionaire, few individuals in history can compare with John D. Rockefeller Sr. His wealth around the turn of the 20th century would be worth roughly twenty-two billion dollars in modern United States dollars. It is undeniable that Rockefeller changed the landscape of the American petroleum industry by defining the nature of oil production. By 1883, Rockefeller was laying the foundations for what we now know as the vertically integrated company and the modern multinational. The fruit of Rockefeller’s labor, the Standard Oil companies, controlled ninety five percent of petroleum refining and transport by 1880. It would not come as a surprise, given Rockefeller’s opulence, to find Standard Oil and its business practices under close scrutiny by his competition as well as the federal government. Rockefeller’s ruthless and legally questionable business tactics threatened the well-being of the United States’ capitalistic economy. Although the federal government had a prepared response to monopolies, the Sherman Antitrust, it was not enforced to its fullest potential because of the overwhelming influence possessed by Rockefeller due to his wealth. At the time of Standard Oil’s dissolution, their prominence was already waning, providing an entry point for powerful trust busters, such as Theodore Roosevelt and influential writer, Ida M. Tarbell. Standard Oil was allowed to exist for over a decade because of the economical, political, social, and legal complications in separating Rockefeller’s companies and the oil industry. The proper environment for a dedicated antitrust effort existed only after Standard Oil’s initial decline in influence.
“ Effects of Oil Spills on Marine and Coastal Wildlife” Holly K. Ober. WEB. 19 May 2014
Exxon Mobil is world’s largest publicly traded integrated oil company serving companies in more than 200 countries worldwide. Standard and Poor’s stock report for Exxon Mobil indicates that Exxon’s global functional organization and substantial diversification helps mitigate its exposure to business risk and margin volatility.
On April 20, 2011, an oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico exploded on British Petroleum’s (BP) Deepwater Horizon. As a result, of the 126 BP crew members aboard, 11-15 were reported missing. Six days later, underwater robots reveal at least two leaks are dumping 1,000 barrels of oil into the Gulf per day. Consequently, this would become one of the worst oil spills in the history of the United States and perhaps the petroleum industry. This recent Oil Spill portrays one of many dilemmas BP has faced as it scrambles to expand and globalize itself as a transnational corporation in the world economy against other oil and gas companies. Although this disastrous event has affected BP negatively, the company has found a way to overcome it, while still becoming the 6th largest in the world; it continues to do this by offshoring, outsourcing, and merging with other oil and gas companies, three key strategies BP has been using since its establishment in 1909.
Both the CEO of Exxon, Lee Raymond, and the CEO of Mobil, Lucio Noto, announced that it is because of this reduction in prices and downsizing within the oil industry that the merger is taking place, the very nature of the oil industry was becoming increasingly competitive. The oil industry as whole was becoming more efficient, causing oil prices to fallr. Firms can only maintain their prices equal to or above marginal cost, and if prices are lower than marginal...
With annual revenue of US $19.02 billion, Chevron Corporation is the 16th largest integrated oil and gas energy company in the world. Globally they account for a workforce of approximately 62,000 (Forbes 2011). In 2010, the company produced 2.763 million barrels of oil per day (Chevron 2012). Corporations as large as Chevron owe a great amount of responsibility towards the society and environment above and beyond the economic and legal obligations. The industry is strongly linked to environmental scandals and companies make various efforts to address these issues (Farache and Perks 2010, 235). The following thesis will review the Environmental performance of Chevron in terms of fulfilling social needs within society and stakeholders.
Olien, Roger M., Diana Davids Hinton, and Inc NetLibrary. Oil and Ideology: The Cultural Creation of the American Petroleum Industry. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. Web. 8 April 2014.
America is dependent on other nations for their ability to create energy. The United States is the world’s largest consumer of oil at 18.49 million barrels of oil per day. And it will continue to be that way for the foreseeable future considering the next largest customer of oil only consumes about 60% of what the U.S. does. This makes the U.S. vulnerable to any instability that may arise in the energy industry. In 2011, the world’s top three oil companies were Saudi Aramco (12%), National Iranian Oil Company (5%), and China National Petroleum Corp (4%). The risk associated with these countries being the top oil producers is twofold. One, they are located half way around the world making it an expensive to transport the product logistically to a desired destination. And two, the U.S. has weak, if not contentious,...
When Americans think of oil today, they think of it a substance that the United States relies heavily upon, that it is necessary in everyday life. Of course, that cannot be denied considering people use oil in an assortment of ways, from producing gasoline to fuel cars to heating homes and even as an ingredient in cosmetic products. However, during the 1800s, oil was considered a nuisance by farmers. When the use of oil was discovered in the 1850s, it soon became known as “black gold” and the oil industry soared. Many started to test their luck in oil refining, one of whom was John D. Rockefeller. Unlike many others, Rockefeller had great success as he soon became the president of Standard Oil, a company
Pratt, Joseph A. “Exxon and the Control of Oil.” Journal of American History. 99.1 (2012): 145-154. Academic search elite. Web. 26. Jan. 2014.
The setting of this film, The PRIZE: Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power by Daniel Yergin, is from when petroleum industry had became the most popular global energy during the Gilded Age which was around 1800s, when old industries transformed and new industries started to born, to the modern times in 1900s. This film starts with the description of John D. Rockefeller, who made modern American economy and was the symbol of American monopoly, and his Standard Oil Trust Company in the American economy. This film talks and explains not only about oil business as new boom energy along rail road industries in America during the nineteenth century, but also modern economics in the world that was affected by petroleum industries. The tone and mood
Nelson, A.N. 1971. Effects of oil on marine plants and animals. London: Institute of Petroleum.
The Gulf of Mexico oil spill has had an extremely negative effect on the surrounding wildlife and ecosystem. The oil spread across the gulf contaminating any living organism that came into direct or indirect contact with it. The oil cuts off the ability of oxygen from the air to move into the water which directly harms fish and other marine wildlife that require that oxygen. The dispersant that the BP is using to try and break up the oil moves the slick into the entire water column which contaminates the ocean floor which would most likely not have seen any damage if it wasn’t for the use of these dispersants. More than 400 species that live in the Gulf Islands and marshlands are at risk and as of November 2 s...
The oil & gas industry is among the largest industries in the world. The sector generates large revenues and employs a large number of people in order to meet the worldwide demand for energy.
The oil sector has faced more problems than benefits, which has limited its development over the years. Some of which include; poor funding of investments, smuggling and diversion of petroleum products, corruption amongst government officials, fraudulent domestic marketing practices, environmental hazards and product adulteration.