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Effects of World War II on the economy of the United States
Effects of World War II on the economy of the United States
Economic impacts that the Treaty of Versailles had on Germany
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In 1932, Germany was in turmoil. Mass inflation had caused the prices of all commodities to rise, while the German people lived paycheck to paycheck. This type of socio-economic climate is notorious for breeding radical political ideologies. Ever since Germany lost the Great War (now called World War I) in 1918, the Germans had been required to pay reparations to the countries they had fought. While the US and UK prospered during the 1920s, Germany suffered. In order to pay off its debts, Germany raised taxes on the people and this caused businesses to increase their prices without raising employee salaries. The stock market crash of 1929 only made the situation worse for Germany, as the US and Britain stopped paying loans to Germany. All throughout the 1920s and early 30s, the Nazi party and the Communist party took advantage of Germany’s newfound freedom of speech to propagate their ideologies. While the Communist party argued for complete socio-economic equality, the Nazi party advocated a government of tight authority, Aryan superiority, and German pride. In most circumstances, the public would avoid these radical parties but desperate times called for desperate measures. While the people could see how Communism had changed Russia arguably for the worst, the Nazis provided an alternative to both the monarchy of old and the communists. Dissatisfied with the democratic government under President Hindenburg, the German people elected Adolf Hitler of the Nazi party as Germany’s president in 1933. Although Hitler initially brought prosperity and wealth to Germany, the German people should have seen the red flags because of Hitler’s over-the-top charisma, hatred of certain groups of people, loss of freedom, and fear of repercussions...
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... this day as a warning for the present and the future. How one man first took control of an entire country, then all of Europe, and systematically wiped out 1/3 of an entire ethnic group, stands as a stark warning against all of humanity. All the signs were clear from the beginning. Superficial charisma, genocide, loss of freedom, and fear of speaking out all created the perfect storm that the German people should have seen coming.
Works Cited
Rees, Laurence. “Viewpoint: His Dark Charisma”. BBC News Magazine.
BBC News. 11 Nov. 2012.
Goldensohn, Leon. Nuremberg Interviews. New York: Random House, Inc.,
2004. Print.
“Nazi Propaganda and Censorship”. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. n.p. n.d. Web.
Spector, Robert M. World Without Civilization: Mass Murder and the Holocaust, History, and Analysis. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. 2005. Print.
At a time of loss, the German people needed a reason to rebuild their spirits. The Jews became a national target even though Hitler’s theory could not be proven. Even as a Jew, he accused the Jews people for Germany’s defeat in order to rally the people against a group of people Hitler despised. The story-telling of the Jews’ wickedness distracts the Germans from realizing the terror Holocaust. Millions of Jewish people died because Hitler said they caused the downfall of Germany. Innocent lives were taken. The death of millions mark the rise of Hitler. He sets the stage for the largest massacre in
This investigation will address the research question, to what extent was Germany’s post-World War I economic depression a causal factor in Hitler’s rise to power from 1919 to 1934? With the Treaty of Versailles, the German government was required to pay 132 billion gold marks of war reparations, drastically worsened with the US Wall Street crash. This effectively crippled the German economy and created a desperate people. For this investigation, Hitler’s private life history and pre-military career will not be analyzed. His political rise will be examined from the perspective of economic and social factors. Several primary sources will be explored, including the Hitler’s Mein Kampf and Hitler’s 25-Point Program. In addition, tertiary sources covering Hitler’s non-personal life and rise to power will be studied.
The Wall Street Crash and the Recession in Germany Were the Salvation of the Nazi Party
During the1930’s the Western economy was still in terrible shape from the Great Depression and the Stock Market Crash of 1929. “Evident instability – with cycles of boom and bust, expansion and recession - generated profound anxiety and threatened the livelihood of both industrial workers and those who gained a modest toehold in the middle class. Unemployment soared everywhere, and in both Germany and the United States it reached 30 percent or more by 1932. Vacant factories, soup kitchens, bread lines, shantytowns and beggars came to symbolize the human reality of this economic disaster.” (Strayer, 990) Like Germany, the Western democracies were economically in trouble and looking for stability and recovery. The United States’ response to the Great Depression, under Roosevelt, came in the form of the New Deal “which was an experimental combination of reforms seeking to restart economic growth. In Britain, France and Scandinavia, the Depression energized a democratic socialism that sought greater regulation of the economy and a more equal distribution of wealth, through peaceful means and electoral policies.” (Strayer, 993) The lack and need for restoration was clearly global. Hitler’s promise of civil peace, unity and the restoration of national pride would seem very appealing and very similar to the wants and needs of the Western democracies; but through peaceful means. No one was interested in or could afford setting off a heavily funded war by taking a stand against Hitler. Through a policy of appeasement allowing Hitler to take back land that was ordered dematerialized by the Treaty of Versailles, the British and the French tried to avoid all-out war but to no avail. Hitler continued his conquests eventually having most of Europe under Nazi control. A second war in Europe had
After World War I, there was a spiritual void left within the people of Germany. The outcome of the war had ripped the German society along the class lines causing great stress and tension among the people. The people of Germany had believed all along that they were winning the war, and therefore the news of surrender came as a great shock to them. To make things worse, the peace treaty established placed the entire fault of the war on Germany and left them responsible for paying for the costs of the war for all who were involved. This sparked a conflict between the middle and working classes in society. Then, the depression followed, creating even more unhappiness among the people. With all of this unhappiness because of the class divisions and the depression, the Nazi...
The Fear of Socialism and the Rise to Power of the Nazis in Germany between 1919 and 1933
Unlike many other countries during this period, Nazi Germany objected the theory of Communism. As Communism spread throughout Europe, so did the fear of a leftist revolution. For this reason, many people responded by putting their faith in Hitler and his policies. In 1933, the Reichstag building was set on fire. Hitler reacted by blaming the event on Communists, in order to gain supporters for him. Additionally, Hitler used propaganda during the “Red Scare” to convince people to join the fascist movement. On November 25, 1935, Hitler signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Italy and Japan, aimed against the Third International and designed to prevent communism from spreading. These actions taken by...
“On 2 August 1934, President Hindenburg died. Within an hour of his death Hitler announced that the offices of chancellor and president were to be combined and that he was the new head of state. Hitler’s adolescent dream of becoming Fuhrer of the German people had been realized” President Hindenburg’s death marked the official end of the Weimar Republic, a democratic ‘experiment’ that had lasted since 1918. The causes of the dissolution of the Republic are wide ranging and numerous, as was explained in the articles of both Richard Bessel, and John McKenzie. The two author’s agree on the sequence of events which led to the dissolution of the Republic, however, they disagree on what exactly caused the transition from Weimar to the Third Reich. The author’s disagreement stem from a differing view of the fundamental cause, political structure versus political leadership.
In the time leading up to and during Hitler’s reign in Germany, German citizens felt the impacts of the political as well as the economic situation of the country. These conditions in Germany led to the building of the Nazi party and to the Holocaust. The new government headed by Adolf Hitler changed the life of all Germans whether they joined the Nazi party themselves or opposed the ideas of Hitler or aided Jews to fight the persecution they suffered under this government.
'Nazi Germany ' represented the period from 1933s to 1945s, which played an important role in prosperous German history and the modern European history. After Germany participated in First World War in the first half of the 20th century, the whole society was glutted with unemployment, poverty, hunger, inflation and moral corruption. The public couldn’t feel the republican democracy benefits.
The rise of National Socialism in post-WWI Germany is an understandable reaction to the problems of the Versailles Peace Treaty, considering the German attitudes and beliefs at the time. These attitudes and beliefs were the result of generations of Prussian militarism, extreme racist nationalism, and, most importantly, the failure of the Treaty of Versailles signed in June of 1919. The rise of the Nazi party, and their extremist National Socialist doctrine appealed directly to these attitudes and beliefs that permeated Germany society after the first World War.
In the 1920's, Germany encountered a great mired in an economic depression. Millions of citizens suffered hunger and many remained out of work. The national spirit of the once-proud people became low. The Germans became enraged by their loss of World War I and stood humiliated by the terms they had to accept in 1919 the treaty of Versailles. The War had a destruction of millions of deaths. Germany had to give up territory, slash its military, and pay billions of dollars in reparations for the damaged it caused during the war. Hitler used his nation's despair and humiliation as fuel for a new political monument, which took shape as the Nazi party (Schoenbaum 8).
Evaluating the View that the Depression Was the Main Reason Why Hitler Was Able to Become Chancellor By 1933
During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Germany was experiencing great economic and social hardship. Germany was defeated in World War I and the Treaty of Versailles forced giant reparations upon the country. As a result of these reparations, Germany suffered terrible inflation and mass unemployment. Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi party who blamed Jews for Germany’s problems. His incredible public speaking skills, widespread propaganda, and the need to blame someone for Germany’s loss led to Hitler’s great popularity among the German people and the spread of anti-Semitism like wildfire. Hitler initially had a plan to force the Jews out of Germany, but this attempt quickly turned into the biggest genocide in history. The first concentration camps in Germany were established soon after Hitler's appointment as chancellor in January 1933.“...the personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew.” –Adolf Hitler
During the 1930s the world experienced many hardships just as the United States. The Great Depression was not only a problem in the United States, but it was a global problem. In nineteen thirty-two, six million people were unemployed in Germany and three million in Britain (Freeman 3). These depressions may have led to the increase in dictatorships. Both Hitler and Stalin came into power in the 1...