This assignment is going to be focusing on genetically modified animals. Genetic modification of an animal is where you alter its genetic material by adding changing or removing DNA sequences. The aim of this is to make animals that are more disease resistant and enhances the growth. According to EFSA website it says, “GM technology has already been used for plants and microorganisms. They are used to create new food in the agriculture world. As far as GM microorganism they are created to produce enzymes. Research is now underway to use this type of technology for animals. Safety assessment guidelines have been created by many international organizations for these animals and their products. (European Union, 2013) The list of accomplishments for genetically modified animals includes becoming organ donors, vaccine safety, biological products, to study diseases and to be more disease resistant. Also in some cases such as with mosquitoes they have been used to kill their own kind, which can help cut back on diseases. Some of the principals I found are not necessarily scientific principles but is more ethical principles; however, they can be included as scientific because after all when dealing with things like animals or insects or even human testing there is a lot of ethical principles that are needed to be used. One is to minimize the risk of harm or discomfort to the animals. Another example of uses of the principles is by the ways a genetically modified animal can be produced and the management of these animals. A proposed GM animal must be stable for at least two noncontiguous generations. There must also in some cases have less impact on their wild counterpart. The only exception in this case is those such as GM mosquitoes or b... ... middle of paper ... ...animals were made by science that it means they are not living creatures. I think that is the main problem here is that many people will consider these creatures are not real animals. Works Cited European Union. (2013, May 23). Genetically modified animals. Retrieved from European Food Safety Authority: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/gmanimals.htm Ormandy, E., Julie, D., & Gilly, G. (2011, July). Genetic engineering of animals: Ethical issues, including welfare concerns. Retrieved from The Canadian Veterinary Journal: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3078015/#!po=76.5625 Kimman, T., Smit, E., & Klein, M. (2008, July 21). Clinical Microbiology Reviews. Retrieved from Evidence-Based Biosafety: a Review of the Principles and Effectiveness of Microbiological Containment Measures: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2493080/#!po=70.4082
Genetically modified organisms are “an organism whose genome has been altered in order to favour the expression of desired physiological traits or the output of desired biological products.” http://www.merriam-webster.com/concise/genetically%20modified%20organism%20(gmo). The United States were first approved for human consumption of genetically modified foods in 1995. The techniques used for producing the genetically developed organisms include cloning recombinant DNA technology. Primary uses of genetically modified organisms are mostly in areas of agriculture and biomedical research. GMOs compromise numerous aids to society, including enlarged crop yields and the development of fresh therapeutic agents which prevent and treat a wide variety of human diseases . However there are some concerns around the use of genetically modified organisms which include the risks stood to human health and the initiation of insecticide resistant superbugs. This essay will provide evidence to support the evidence that the genetic modifications of crops produces better results than selective breeding or mutation.
Kraemer, Duane C. “Genetically Altered Animals Will Benefit Humankind.” Genetic Engineering: Opposing Viewpoints. Ed. Carol Wekesser. San Diego: Greenhaven Press,
Genetically modified organisms are created when genetic material is taken from one organism and transferred into another (Young 1). Such materials may pose health risks not only to animals, but also to the environment and
In this reference, an understanding of Genetic Modification was acquired. Comprehending the goals of each process and how the process is carried out allowed the ethical standpoints on this topic to be understood.
Robert M. Hutchins, known for his contributions to philosophy, said that, “A civilization in which there is not a continuous controversy about important issues is on the way to totalitarianism and death.” While I do not necessarily agree with the former, or the latter, for that matter (no rhyme intended), it is imperative for us, as people, regardless of nationality, to ask questions. On the topic of important issues are genetically modified foods. The specific tangent on genetically modified foods is the question of whether or not genetically modified foods should have mandatory labeling. Instead of being a staunch absolutist and deciding so hastily on the matter of GMOs, the merits and drawbacks of this issue need to be discussed.
Genetic modification is very harmful for human beings; it has a huge negative effect on animals’ and humans’ health. The manipulation of the genes of crops and animals may cause health damage. “Animal toxicity studies have shown that genetically modified foods may toxically affect several organs and systems” (Arvanitoyannis, 162, 2011). These studies concluded that genetically modified foods are dangerous and they may become one of the most harmful issues in the world. According to Arvanitoyannis research genetically modified foods cause some common toxic effects such as: hepatic, pancreatic, renal or reproductive effects and may alter the hematological, biochemical and immuno...
While many argue that Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO's) are beneficial, it has been proven otherwise. The term GMO is an organism where it's genetic material has been modified through genetic engineering or gene splicing. (NON-GMO PROJECT, 2014) GMO ranges from plants, insects, mammals all the way to micro organisms and bacteria. (EFSA, 2014) GMO's can reduce the need for herbicides and pesticides as well as alter components of food such as nutrients, However, even though GMO's has its benefits such as its resistance to pests and herbicides (Whitman, 2000) the disadvantages outweighs the benefits by far. Genetically Modified Organism are a danger to the human health because GMOs harm the environment and pose a national health risk in addition to economic concerns.
Scientists have been changing genomes of plants and animals by integrating new genes from a different species through genetic engineering, creating a genetically modified organism (GMO). Consumers in America have been eating GMOs since 1996, when they went on the market. There are benefits to genetically modifying crop plants, as it improves the crop quality and increases yield, affecting the economy and developing countries. But there are also negative effects from GMOs. Consumption of GMOs has various health effects on both body systems of animals and humans. GMOs also affect the environment, ecosystems and other animal species. The cons outweigh the pros in the case of GMOs.
Ormandy, Elisabeth H. “Genetic engineering of animals: Ethical issues, including welfare concerns.” The Canadian Veterinary Journal 52.5 (2011): 544-550. PubMed. Web. 22 Feb. 2014.
One of the main reasons GE animals are supported by pioneers in this area is that these animals could make the food and pharmaceutical industry more efficient in different ways. GE animals can improve traits of economic importance for producers; this includes improvement of animal health, growth rate, and disease resistance (Forabosco 3-6). GE animals are also beneficial for pharmacists as they can be modified to produce complex proteins in the milk of cow and goats (Lievens 159). However, there are different sources which question these ideas, and have stated that regardless how beneficial these technologies can be for producers and pharmacists, GE would be a failure in the market, as large majority of consumers oppose to eat or use products coming from these animals. As in any other commercial industry, it is fundamental that consumers buy the products, but for the case of GE animals, the consumers’ acceptance seems very negative. Mora et al mention that as much as 65% of people asked disagreed with the idea of consuming fish that was genetically engineered to be more efficient (317). Other studies have concluded that people have a great preference for non-GM pork, comparted to GM pork (Novoselova
For some, the genetic engineering of animals may not put their moral principles at risk. Perhaps this could be because genetic engineering is a
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are becoming a greatly debated topic in many countries. New Zealand, Switzerland, France, and Japan are just a few of the countries that have decided to ban the use of GMOs. Genetically modified organisms are organisms that have been scientifically altered through their DNA. The controversy arising from the use of GMOs is whether they are safe enough to use long-term. Since GMOs have only recently come into our food supply, not enough long term research has been acquired to determine the effects it has on our society. There are many different views on the disputed topic of genetically modified organisms, but the three main views are to ban GMOs completely, to use GMOs without restriction, and to use GMOs in our food supply but regulate and label them.
Genetic engineering of animals has become a hotly debated topic in both secular and religious settings because of recent technological advances in the field and the profound unnatural outcome of the process. In other words, genetic engineering in animals is a genetic development in organisms that is not in accordance with the laws of nature. Animals that have been genetically altered include micro-organisms such as yeast and fungi and others like mammals, insects, and plants. The primary areas of debate are the labling of GM (genetically modified) foods, the extent of government regulation in the process, concerns about the consequences of genetic modification, and the overall health and safety of animals being used for this system. Because of the countless benefits of pursuing and using genetically engineered animals, the system should continue but should also receive heightened regulation by the government to secure extended rights for animals and proper safety for humans.
Genetically Modified food is a type of DNA technology that is used to alter genes in plants therefore bringing out desirable characteristics that can be combined and selected. Genetically modified food technology can be used for various reasons such as increasing the nutrition and population rates of food all over the world. In underdeveloped countries there is a lack of money to buy food and a limited number of crops they can buy to sustain themselves. Genetic engineering allows scientist to alter gene characteristics to fight malnutrition. An example of this would be the Golden Rice Project. This project has infused beta-carotene into rice plants so that they could produce vitamin A. The vitamin A elevated the vitamin A deficiency and created
The term ethics is meant to describe a set of moral principles that govern a person or a group of people’s behavior. The use of genetic modification is still growing and producing new discoveries, thus the long-term effects have not yet been discovered. This leaves many people cautious and careful when it comes to the topic of genetic modification. As humans, we have a natural fear of the unknown. Since we do not have any knowledge of the long-term health, environmental and economic effects, we proceed with caution. The ethical issues surrounding genetic modification may be split into two categories. The first category is whether or not it is ethical for humans to engage in manipulations that lead to the manufacturing of transgenic plants. It is argued that genetic modification that is used for research and scientific reasons should be treated differently than genetic manipulation to produce plants for human consumption. This is because research does not affect or impose a threat to the human diet or surrounding environment. But on the other hand, many people believe that genetic modification is interfering with the environment and the world that was created for us. In the United States in 2000, groups of people who were opposed to genetically modified food and plants acted unethically by vandalizing laboratories and fields of crops, including some that