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Gender inequality in the movie industry
The importance of ethos, pathos and logos
Gender inequality in the movie industry
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On March 3, 2010 The New York Times ran an article written by Kim Elsesser entitled “And the Gender-Neutral Oscar Goes To.” Elsesser is a research scholar in Women’s studies and psychology at UCLA with a primary focus on gender issues in the workplace. The op-ed article argues that the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences should merge the Academy Awards categories of best actor and best actress. Elsesser argues that the two categories need to become one category in order to eliminate gender segregation in Hollywood.
For this article there are several different audiences Elsesser is addressing. The first most obvious audience she is addressing is the Hollywood film industry and more specifically the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. A majority of the article is spent scrutinizing Hollywood and their award ceremonies but in her final paragraph Elsesser makes a direct suggestion that the academy should modify its ballots to treat men and women as equals. The author also may be hoping to persuade Hollywood elites that having a separate category for males and females is sexist and to take action against it. Another audience of this article is anyone who reads The New York Times since that is where the article was published. Readers of The Times tend to be middle aged with an about equal number of male and female readers (Customer Insight). Additionally, women are another potential audience for this article. The overarching argument of the article is for gender equality, which is primarily an argument made for and by women. Elsesser uses ethos, pathos, and logos throughout her article in an attempt to persuade her target audience.
In the opening paragraph of her article Elsesser uses an appeal to patho...
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...ue to the fact that she is so concerned with the gender aspect that she overlooks the reasons for keeping the categories separate. By having separate categories a male and female staring in the same film are both eligible to win an award, something that would be impossible if the categories were merged. She also disregards the fact that merging the two categories would lead to fewer nominees, which would force both male and female actors to be left out of the nominations. Her background in Women’s studies further impacts the overall effectiveness of this argument. Many readers may disregard the entire article because they feel that she is just using it as a means to promote Women’s rights. On the other hand, people who firmly believe in gender equality may be more inclined to accept her argument, even if they could care less about having separate categories.
...n American woman to be awarded the Sundance Film Festival’s best director prize in 2012 for her film “Middle of Nowhere” (Keegan). In the interview of DuVernay, she explains how even though only 9.9% of speaking characters are black, with a black director that percentage rises to 52.6% of black speaking characters (Keegan). This explains a lot of why there are is such a small amount of minority speaking roles in movies. This means that because of the majority of the directors being white, they therefore want to hire and have more whites speak in their movies rather than minorities. At the end of the article, Keegan elaborates on how people are now noticing this race and gender inequality in films and are trying to improve it. For example, as stated in the article, the Motion Picture Academy is working on making their company more diverse and not merely white males.
Society has set certain standards that women are supposed to follow. The most common image of women is that they are very passive and try to avoid conflict in any situation. More and more in society women are breaking down the social barriers that confine them to their specific roles. The movies The Graduate and The Last Picture Show reveal to viewers a side to females that is very nontraditional. These two movies help to show how women are rebelling against sexual social norms, and they are taking a more active and aggressive role when dealing with heterosexual relationships.
Smith, Jeff, and Chloe Beighley. "Normalizing Male Dominance: Gender Representation in 2012 Films." Grand Rapids Institute for Information Democracy. N.p., 12 Feb. 2013. Web. 1 Apr. 2014.
Gerard Butler and Katherine Heigl, are two very famous stars who represent America’s acting industry as two of the most highly regarded feminine and masculine actors. Both are thought to represent femininity and masculinity and very. It comes as no surprise that these two characters were chosen to play the parts of Abby and Michael within The Ugly Truth. The Ugly Truth displays a lot of stereotypes of men and women or what is expected to be masculine and feminine. According to Gendered Live: Communication, Gender, and Culture by Julia Wood, “A stereotype is a generalization about an entire class of phenomena based on some knowledge of some members of the class” (Wood, 2011, 122). Stereotypes can cause a lot of problems in society if individuals don’t fit the particular mold or idea of what it means to be feminine or masculine. Within The Ugly Truth, the first stereotype which arises is that women in powerful roles cannot have a relationship (Luketic, 2009). As an example, this particular stereotype causes a large amount of trouble for Abby when she takes to...
We can see that throughout the making of Disney movies the gender images have not evolved to match the changes in our society now, they have stayed stereotypical and similar to when Disney movies were first made in 1937 (Towbin et al 2003). In studies of 16 different Disney movies Mia Towbin (2003) and others
The most important events of this film all revolve around the female characters. While there are some male charac...
The persistence of the gender wage gap in contemporary American society is not new. However, in 2015, the issue started garnering much public attention, especially since Patrica Arquette’s Oscar speech. Arquette asserted, “It’s our time to have wage equality once and for all,” upon receiving the Best Supporting Actress award. Arquette is not the only high-profile Hollywood actress to address the issue: Diane Keaton, Meryl Streepe, Gwyneth Paltrow among many others have all shared their experiences of gender wage gap in interviews.
In her essay, “Women's Cinema as Counter-Cinema”, Claire Johnston proposed a path to creating Women's cinema to counter the numerous dominant male-oriented mainstream films. In it, she argues that you must first understand the ideology that is found in mainstream movies, and the ways that women are portrayed within it. She determined that there were two principle concepts to understand: how women are visually represented, and the effect that women have upon the creation of meaning within the film. The how refers to all the film techniques used in the creation of the image: lighting, hair, makeup, choice of lens, choice of wardrobe, and the framing of the camera shot are some examples. These are often done to increase the attractiveness of the female character, and creates a sign for the audience to accept and decode. The effect of the female character is limited to her physical traits and the impact that her presence has on the male protagonist, typically to send him off on an Oedipal journey.
In this research report I aim to explore the way in which gender roles have been represented in films through time and to analyse if the representation of each gender role has changed. More specifically I would like this report to acknowledge, in particularly, if women’s representations have changed over the years, and if so why or why isn’t this. I want to explore how these representations can affect the viewers of these films by the stereotypes that they create.
Led by Laura Mulvey, feminist film critics have discussed the difficulty presented to female spectators by the controlling male gaze and narrative generally found in mainstream film, creating for female spectators a position that forces them into limited choices: "bisexual" identification with active male characters; identification with the passive, often victimized, female characters; or on occasion, identification with a "masculinized" active female character, who is generally punished for her unhealthy behavior. Before discussing recent improvements, it is important to note that a group of Classic Hollywood films regularly offered female spectators positive, female characters who were active in controlling narrative, gazing and desiring: the screwball comedy.
...characters are not depicted as strong as the male leads. Hermione Granger becomes emotional during high stress battle scenes. Elizabeth Swann shifts to mainly a love interest for the male lead. Queen Amidala becomes emotional and a love interest for Anakin Skywalker. To some, the illusion of strong women signals how far we have come as a society in the last half-century. In reality, however, the film industry has only progressed enough to be able to give off an illusion of strong women. The lack of female directors in Hollywood gives way to a male-centric ideology that eroticizes and demeans women in films – often just subconsciously because the director is male. It is time to welcome more Kathryn Bigelows. More Julie Taymors. More Sofia Coppolas. Only when a balance among film directors is reached can many films finally break out of traditional gender stereotypes.
Lincoln, Anne E and Michael Patrick Allen (2004 Double Jeopardy in Hollywood: Age and Gender in the Careers of Film Actors, 1926-1999. Sociological Forum, pp. 611-631
On a daily basis people are exposed to some sort of misrepresentation of gender; in the things individuals watch, and often the things that are purchased. Women are often the main target of this misrepresentation. “Women still experience actual prejudice and discrimination in terms of unequal treatment, unequal pay, and unequal value in real life, then so too do these themes continue to occur in media portraits.”(Byerly, Carolyn, Ross 35) The media has become so perverted, in especially the way it represents women, that a females can be handled and controlled by men, the individual man may not personally feel this way, but that is how men are characterized in American media. Some may say it doesn’t matter because media isn’t real life, but people are influenced by everything around them, surroundings that are part of daily routine start to change an individual’s perspective.
During a review by Vox, of the gender biases in Hollywood that were reported by the data visualization website Polygraph, over 2,000 movies underwent scrutiny in determining why men have more dialogue in movies, even in those that are supposed to be focused on the lead female characters. In what was stated to be one of the largest analyses of script reviews of all time, it was determined that the male characters within the study overrule women in over 78% of the analyzed films. This was concluded through a cross-analysis of character information such as name, gender, and age, with the information reported by the popular movie database, IMDB. The results of their study are astonishing. In the 2,005 screenplays across all movie genres that were reviewed by Polygraph, only two movies were delivered 100% by the lead female character. Conversely, the male dominated list has not only the largest number of results;
Since, the 1960s’ women in the United States have made significant progress in many diverse fields. Today, women can be found having significant positions in business, politics, sports, etc. The ability for women to choose which position they would like and in what field, was an option not always available to them, this right was won through much struggle. The fight for equality is not over however, because women still trail men in the amount each gender gets paid, with women being paid on average less than men. Another issue with gender in this country is the way women are portrayed in the media. I had an opportunity to read five different articles and each article was able to show that differences still exist between men and women with regards to the media and how each gender is portrayed.