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Gender discrimination in literature
How is gender represented in literature
Literature as a reflection of society pdf
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Gender biases are what our society has been trying to avoid for decades. However in many instances it plays a huge role on the outcome of creative outlets. Writing is generally a very personal reflection on some ones values, views and opinions. What role does gender play on someone’s writing style? Could an entire book of poetry revolve around the author being a male or female?
Sexism is an issue that has plagued our world for hundreds of years. Ideas that women belong in the kitchen and men should be under the hood of a car are prevalent in every society. If people believe in such drastic stereotypes, would it make sense to say that someone’s sex does not play a role in how they write? Poet Lisa Robertson is a good example of the influence gender has in poetry. Writers often have a beautiful way of saying the things that they are most passionate about and Robertson is a strong, independent woman who is not afraid to let her opinions be known. In almost every interview with Robertson she is asked more about her work in feminism than her writing. Most of the people that talk to her automatically assume that her personal opinions have a direct impact on her work, and she proves that they are correct while talking to fellow poet Brecken Hancock. Robertson states, ““[Philosophical] discourse… contains some of our most intensely gendered, authority-ridden constraints. As a woman with no authority in the field, it actually frightened me to admit I wanted to write these essays, in heavy and worthy houses, I feel a violent dismay. It gets harder and harder to be a female in one’s life in such a house.” A man would not write about a females issues the same way that she would, they have been trained to see things differently. ...
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...“I just knew. Men and woman have a certain way with their words.”
Gender effects our every day lives even if society does not want to admit it. Creatively, it is detrimental to the outcome of individual works. Whether it is a painting, journal, musical piece, or most importantly poetry, Gender matters. Lisa Robertson is an activist for woman’s rights, she has worked for years with issues of female empowermant and equality, each one of her writings shows this. This stands true for other poets as well such as Anne Waldman, Carol Ann Duffy, and Maya Angelou who once said “How important it is for us to recognize and celebrate our heroes and she-roes!” Gender based writing at it’s finest.
Works Cited
http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15753
http://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddisalvo/2013/12/08/study-the-brains-of-men-and-women-are-different-very-different/
The concept of "gender-bending" authors is not completely foreign to literature, while it may not be applied to the definition presented above. For example, in detective novels that are written by women, some of the characters take on different genders than their writers. In the following passage, taken from the essay "Gender (De)Mystified: Resistance and Recuperation in Hard-Boiled Female Detective Fiction," by Timothy Shuker-Haines and Martha M. Umphrey, discussion is made of detective author Sue Grafton's ability to write in the male persona.
Delany, Sheila. Writing Women: Women Writers and Women in Literature: Medieval to Modern. New York: Schocken, 1983.
There is a quote that goes "behind every successful man there is a woman”. This implies that the sexes are not credited equally, and gender shadows over success. Men and women are separated not only physically, but in other aspects. A male-dominated culture exists although women are capable of performing just as well as men. There are different situations where men overpower women. There is a stereotype that divides the sexes, ultimately harming both genders. Literary works brush upon the subject of men versus women, touching these components as storyline progresses. There is not a black and white division among the sexes; however, novels such as Geek Love by Dunn and Maus by Spiegelman expose the underlying power struggle among the genders,
Gould explains that a life without the pressure of gender norms essentially frees a person to develop and mature with a lack of limitations. It is suggested that the idea that an individual’s sex should not matter until one might decide how they want to portray themselves. She recognizes that people may not understand or accept this life choice, but if one can live ignoring constant ridicule and criticism brought on by a society who value gender norms, they will ultimately be more well-rounded in all aspects of their life. (Gould, 1972) Richardson does not necessarily oppose Gould’s view, but rather focuses on how women specifically are negatively influenced by gender stereotyping. It is brought up that “Linguistic practice perpetuates in men their feelings of dominance over and responsibility for women.” (Richardson, 1981) While females are seen in society as dependent, incompetent, immature objects who are defined in terms of their relation to men, males are autonomous, independent beings who are defined primarily to the world of work. (Richardson, 1981) In Richardson’s view, gender stereotyping not only perpetuates hate and sexism towards women but also forces men to behave a certain way in order to uphold the patriarchy. This idea is so engrained in modern society that it would be difficult to raise a child in the idealistic way Gould
Various studies have been conducted examining the role of gender representation in game design, game play and game experience, in which these studies commonly conclude that females are often excluded. Females make up forty-seven percent of gamers in the industry and although their presence is becoming more encouraged into the industries society, most games still continue to gender stereotype woman through the use of over-sexualising them reinforcing the gender imbalance in society. There are multitude of ways in which sexism in video games have seemed to mirror real-life sexism and the unrealistic, degrading portrayal of the female sex. This emergence of sexism is an ongoing issue in the gaming industry causing serious controversy over a period of years, with games or game series such Grand Theft Auto demonstrating how detrimental the problem is. Grand Theft Auto 5, abbreviated GTA 5, released in 2013 (in text) present woman in the games that have been previously released with virtually no role to the story nor are they needed in the game, they are merely ‘eye candy’ for the male players. With the females in the game either flirtatious, provocatively dressed or lovers of gang members. Much debate has raged about the degrading portrayal of woman in GTA 5 which implement sexism traits such as objectification, sexualisation, being under presented and suffering sexual violence.
Male characters sexualize the female characters to fulfill their own sexual desires and possessive and dominant members in society. They are constantly sexualized and degraded through speech and action, while denied rights to speak, act, and think for themselves. Men view women as nothing more than objects at their disposal, for their pleasure, and their success. According to Cixous, male writing, one such as Shakespeare’s, “has been run by libidinal and cultural - hence political, typically masculine-economy; that it is a locus where the repression of women has been perpetuated, over and over, more or less consciously, and in a manner that’s frightening since it’s often hidden and adorn” (T&C 1945). By this, she means male writers inaccurately portray women across their works because they cannot ever be inside the mind of a woman. Therefore, in order to accurately portray women in writing and more specifically theatre, female writers must produce an honest
Have you ever been told that you are suppose to do a specific job just because you are a certain gender? Well this is known as gender roles. Females are targeted in a negative way when it comes to gender roles. Literature helps view and understand major problems that happen in society. Gender roles is one problem in society today and it has been for a long time. Gender roles are what people think a specific gender has to do in society. For example a man is suppose to work and a woman is suppose to stay at home taking care of the children and clean the house and cook. All these stereotypes are negative in many ways. It separates both genders and views men superior than women. These gender roles are bad when it comes to women. It brings them problems in society and problems mentally, physically, and emotionally.
conceptualizations of gender in literature are situated in a culture and historical context ; the
There is much debate in feminist circles over the "best" way to liberate women through writing. Some argue that a female writer should, in an effort to recapture her stolen identity, attack her oppressive influences and embrace her femininity, simultaneously fostering dimorphic literary, linguistic, and social arenas. Others contend that the feminization of writing pigeonholes women into an artistic slave morality, a mindset that expends creative energy on battle and not production, and inefficiently overturns stereotypes and foments positive social change; rather, one should lose gender self-consciousness and write androgynously.
One thousand years go by and an abundant amount of people still view women in a stereotypical type of way. On the opposing view, if women did not overstretch the slightest of things, this wouldn’t be such an enormous issue. Women may be overreacting to what the media has to say about them. It is not affecting everybody but a vast majority of successful women from continuing to moving forward said Marianne Schnall. Important to realize, women are capable of doing jobs men can do. Such jobs as being an engineer, physician, mechanic, lawyer and even top notch business women! Up to the present time there is an ongoing public debate on women suffering from double standards. If it makes a female feel threatened or belittled than it may be sexist. A very interesting article this came to be because the writer had numerous accountants to keep her argument steady. A worthy writer brings up present time activities, statistics, and people being affected by the scenario and provides the reader some closure. With a devastatingly crucial issue such as women being shunned by the media, it’s not okay to have the ideas of other people in your work. In the article, “Controversial Hillary Cover of Time Illuminates Sexism in the Media” by Marianne Schnall, implies that the media is negatively affecting the chances of women becoming successful with all the sexism it is portraying. Marianne Schnall is a published writer and professional interviewer with many influential credentials that she in not afraid to use.
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Throughout history, sexism and gender roles in society has been a greatly debated topic. The Women’s Rights Movements, N.O.M.A.S. (The National Organization of Men Against Sexism), M.A.S.E.S. (Movement Against Sexual Exploitation and Sexism), and many other movements and groups have all worked against the appointment of gender roles and sexist beliefs. Many authors choose to make a controversial topic a central theme in their work of literature, and the theme of gender roles is no exception. “Phenomenal Woman” by Maya Angelou, “Diving into the Wreck” by Adrienne Rich, and “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman all address the gender roles that have been placed by society.
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