Gangs and Injunctions Criminal activities and gangs have mostly always been an on going problem in the United States. Gangs and gang members are frequently involved with a variety of different crimes. The 2008 National Youth Gang Survey reported that there are approximately 774,000 active gang members in the United States (Egley, Howell, & Moore, 2010). The 2008 National Youth Gang Survey also states that there are about 27,900 active gangs in the United States (Egley et al., 2010). The active gangs in California have caused a major impact on the state in many ways. According to the California Department of Justice, approximately 300,000 gang members are living in California (Crawford, 2009). California also attributes more than 25 percent of all homicides to gang activity (Crawford, 2009). This is a staggering huge amount. The rise of gang involvement and gang crime has led law enforcement to issue and enforce gang injunctions. However, these gang injunctions do not completely eliminate gang crime and they have no effect after one year of being issued. Also, gang injunctions interfere with the lives of normal people in society. Gang involvement has been quite higher than past years. The 2008 National Youth Gang Survey estimates that about 32.4 percent of all cities, suburban areas, towns, and rural counties had a gang problem (Egley et al., 2010). This represented a 15 percent increase from the year 2002. The total number of gangs has also increased by 28 percent and total gang members have increased by 6 percent (Egley et al., 2010). This shows how relevant gang related activity is in today’s society. More locations are beginning to experience gang activity for the first time. Gang crime has also been on the rise in the past... ... middle of paper ... ...f Caldwell, Beth. American Journal of Criminal Law 37.3 (2010): 241-290. Crawford, L. (2009). No way out: An analysis of exit processes for gang injunctions. California Law Review, 97(1), 161-193. Egley, A., Howell, J., & Moore, J. (2010). Highlights of the 2008 National Youth Gang Survey. Retrieved April 30, 2011, from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/229249.pdf Egley, A., & Major, A. (2004). Highlights of the 2002 National Youth Gang Survey. Retrieved April 30, 2011, from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/fs200805.pdf Egley, A., & O’Donnell, C. (2008). Highlights of the 2006 National Youth Gang Survey. Retrieved April 30, 2011, from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/fs200805.pdf Foner, E. (2008). Give me Liberty: An American History. New York, Ny: WW. Norton & Company. Siegal, Nina. “Ganging up on Civil Liberties”. Progressive. 61.10(2005):28.
Foner, E. (2010). The People Party. In E. Foner, Give me Liberty! An American History (pp. 680-682). Canada: W.W Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110.
Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty!: An American History. Fourth ed. Vol. 1. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012. 247-316. Print.
Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty! An American History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2014. Book.
Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty: An American History (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2008), 326.
Foner, Eric. "Chapter 9." Give Me Liberty!: An American History. Brief Third ed. Vol. One. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012. N. pag. Print.
There are few known active members of street gangs attending district schools. The gang activity that is seen is that of ‘want-to-be’ gang members who are influenced by family members who are involved in street gang activity. Other ‘want-to-be’ members are often swayed by popular culture. Primarily, school administrators and district officials encounter smaller groups of students, anywhere from 3 to 10 students,from elementary to senior high, who band together and give the group a name. The group serves as a support system for members. These groups tend to be fluid and can disband as quickly as they formed. Most of these groups are benign and caused few difficulties. On occasion there have been groups that have caused greater disruption including violence, intimidation, and drug use. This has led to suspension and student transfer. When a student is identified as a street gang member or has shown signs of street gang influence the first intervention the district takes is to inform the parents of the individual, awareness is
4.de Toqueville, Alexis. Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty: An American History (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2008), 358.
Theriot, Matthew T., and Barbara “Sunshine” Parke. "Native American Youth Gangs." Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 5.4 (2008): 83-97. Print.
As an individual living in a community where gang violence is an issue, I am grateful that you are able to take part in a movement to lower the amount of gang violence today. According to Statistics Canada, gang-related homicides have been unchanged for 2011 to 2012 years with 0.27 victims for every 100,000 of the population.[1] In Ontario from 2002 to 2012, deaths peaked at 38 in 2003 and lowered significantly in 2004 to 17.[2] These numbers prove that gang-related violence are a constant battle in many communities every year. As this is a highly complex issue where there is no simple solution, it is very important to highlight only some of the many factors that attribute to this problem.
28.) Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty! An American History. 4th ed. (W.W. Norton, 2012), 920.
This book review covers Policing Gangs in America by Charles Katz and Vincent Webb. Charles Katz has a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice, while Vincent Webb has a Ph.D. in Sociology, making both qualified to conduct and discuss research on gangs. Research for Policing Gangs in America was gathered in four cities across the American Southwest; Inglewood, California, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Phoenix, Arizona. This review will summarize and discuss the main points of each chapter, then cover the relationship between the literature and class discussions in Introduction to Policing and finally it will note the strengths and weaknesses of book.
Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty. 3rd ed. Vol. Two. New York: Norton &, 2011. Print.
Over the past decade or so, suggested research of gang membership status enhances serious and violent behavior of delinquency involvement. However, there are differences and similarities in identifying the cumulative risk factors and risk factors in multiple domains, to what extent are the patterns similar or different and what are the odds of violent offending among gang members? What will the results reveal?
According to the School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (2007), “twenty-three 23 percent of students reported the presence of gangs on their school campus or in the surrounding area in 2007”. This indicates that there was an increase of twenty-one percent from 2003. Schools in urban areas seem to be affected the most by gangs, with thirty-six percent in 2005 vs, twenty-one in suburban area schools (Arciaga, Sakamoto, & Fearbry Jones, 2010).
Hallswort, S. And Young, T. (2004) Getting Real About Gang. Criminal Justice Matters [online]. 55. (1), pp 12-13 [Accessed 10 December 2013]