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The role of african-americans in the abolitionist movement
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Termpaper Class: African American Study IV Subject: Analyzing the Fundamental Differences Between the Black Abolitionists and the White Abolitionists Movements Black and white abolitionists shared common assumptions about the evil of slavery, the "virtue of moral reform", and the certainty of human progress"(1). Schor, Garnet,1877, & Lanngston, 1989). This shared understanding provided "the basic for the interracial solidarity" and cooperation so vital in the crusade against slavery"(2). (Schor and Garnet, 1877). But blacks also brought a distinct perspective to the antislavery movement. Their abolitionism was shaped profoundly by their personal experience and racial oppression. Unlike most white abolitionists, they conceived of antidlavery as an all-encompassion struggle for racial equality, and they took a more pragramatic, less doctrinaire approach to antislavery tactics. The contrast between the two abolitionists -- black and white -- become increasingly apparent in the 1840s and 1850s as black expressed a growing militancy, asserted greater independence, and called for racially exclusive organization and initiatives. But despite patriotic statement and vigorous public against colonization, there was a greater margin among black abolitionists and white who claimed to be abolitionists alike black people. In 1833 sixty reformers from eleven northern gathered in Philadelphia, creating an antislavery movements named American Antislavery Society (AASS). Its immediate goal was to end slavery without compensation for slaves oweners and rejected violence and the used of force. People involved were Quakers, Protestant clergymen, distinguished reformers, including three blacks by the names of Robert Purvis, Jame... ... middle of paper ... .... P.J. Staudenraus: The African Colonization Movement, 1816-1865. New York, NY, 1961 C. Peter Riply at el.: African American Voices on Race, Slavery, and Emnancipation. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill & London, 1993, pp15-37. Carter G. Woodson: Negro Orators ansd Their Orations (New York, NY, 1925) and The Mind of the Negro (Washington, DC., 1926). Benjamin Quarles: Black Abolitionists, London, 1969. Robert C. Dick: Black ProtestL Issues and Tactics, Wesport, Conn., 1974 Benjamin Quarles: Frederick Douglas. Washington, DC., 1948. William F. McFeely: Frederick Dougles. New York, NY, 1990. Lawrence J. Friedman: Gregarious Saints: Self and Community in American Abolitionists, 1830-1870. Cambridge, Mass., 1982. Russell B. Nye: Fettered Freedom: Civil Liberties and the Slavery Controversy, 1830-1860. East Lansing, Mich., 1949
Kingsbury, Harmon. Thoughts on the Fugitive Slave Law and Nebraska Bill. New York: n.p., 1855. Print.
McInerney, Daniel J. "The Fortunate Heirs of Freedom: Abolition & Republic Thought". Lincoln: University of
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Last of the Anti-Slavery Lectures." Ed. Baym, Nina. The Norton Anthology American Literature 6th ed., Vol A. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003. 1207-1216
Abolitionists thoughts became progressively conspicuous in Northern places of worship and politics in the 1830’s which contributed to the territorial ill will amongst the North and South, essentially dividing the nation in two. The southern economy grew increasingly dependent on “king cotton” and the system of slaves that sustained it.
Altman, Linda Jacobs. Slavery and Abolition in American History. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow, 1999. Print.
Northern abolitionists began organized efforts to end the practice of slavery in the 1800's. But much of the American South, believed that slavery was vital to the continuation of its livelihood and lifestyle and therefore defended the institution of slavery. As the abolition movement picked up, southerners became organized in their support of slavery in what became known as the proslavery movement. Some southerners involved in the movement maintained the position that slavery was like "the law of nature" which allowed the strong to rule the weak. Thus it was appropriate for whites to own blacks as slaves because they believed whites were the dominant race.
The fight against slavery was not one without struggles and one that was easily won. American abolitionists used various political tools available to them to combat the issues associated with. From religion to the Constitution and Declaration of Independence those fighting against slavery, fought hard to show the injustices and immorality of slavery. This essay will take a look at various writings from abolitionists to determine their way of thinking and the tactics they used to oppose and fight to end slavery.
In this paper I will be using the African American Criticism to critique the speech of Fredrick Douglas 1849, speech in Faneuil Hall [on Henry Clay 's gradual emancipation plan and role of American Colonization Society. This text has the tenets and overtone of the African American criticism which makes it the perfect text to use for this criticism. The major thing that this speech does is help change the fundamental ways in which not only the country, but the world views racism. In this paper I will use the three terms from the African American criticism to show how this paper encompasses the ideologies and tenets of what the African American criticism is about. Those three terms are the institutionalized racism, voice of color, and double consciousness/double vision. These terms are a constant overtone through Douglas’s speech to combat the idea that racism is not something you are born with but something that you are taught and developed over time.
Weisbrot, Robert. Freedom Bound: A History Of America’s Civil Rights Movement. New York: Plume, 1991
“The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife, – this longing to attain self-consciousness, manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. In this merging he wishes neither of the older selves to be lost. He would not Africanize America, for America has too much to teach the world and Africa. He would not bleach his Negro soul in a flood of white Americanism, for he knows that Negro blood has a message f...
Slavery in the eighteenth century was worst for African Americans. Observers of slaves suggested that slave characteristics like: clumsiness, untidiness, littleness, destructiveness, and inability to learn the white people were “better.” Despite white society's belief that slaves were nothing more than laborers when in fact they were a part of an elaborate and well defined social structure that gave them identity and sustained them in their silent protest.
The movement that occurred before the 1830s had no real effect on the nation as a whole. The concept was centered on colonization. They were trying to get the freed African Americans to move to Africa or the Caribbean’s. They created the American Colonization Society, which challenged slavery without challenging the property of the slave owners. This movement wasn’t successful because, unlike the one that occurs later on, instead of trying to keep all of the African Americans together, they tried to separate them which didn’t help the cause of stopping slavery. It just helped it out. This was the difference between the early opposition to slavery and the later movement.
For in an extraordinary career spanning three crucial decades, the man and the history became one, so much so that it is impossible to deal with the history of black people without touching, at some point, the personal history of Carter Woodson, who taught the teachers, transformed the vision of the masses and became, almost despite himself, an institution, a cause and a month. One could go further and say that the scientific study of black history began with Woodson, who almost single-handedly created the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History and the prestigious Journal of Negro History. Not content with these achievements, he ventured into the field of mass education, creating the annual black history celebrations.
Analyzing the narrative of Harriet Jacobs through the lens of The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. Du bois provides an insight into two periods of 19th century American history--the peak of slavery in the South and Reconstruction--and how the former influenced the attitudes present in the latter. The Reconstruction period features Negro men and women desperately trying to distance themselves from a past of brutal hardships that tainted their souls and livelihoods. W.E.B. Du bois addresses the black man 's hesitating, powerless, and self-deprecating nature and the narrative of Harriet Jacobs demonstrates that the institution of slavery was instrumental in fostering this attitude.
Knowles, H. J. (2007). The Constitution and Slavery: A Special Relationship. Slavery & Abolition, 28(3), 309-328. doi:10.1080/01440390701685514