Formal Government Policies to Deal with the Slums of Egypt

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The formal governmental policies discussed above were solutions to housing problems, in general, used by the government rather than the solution to alleviate informal settlements specifically of their predicament. The issue discussed above was solely to show how the government’s policies, both formal and informal, were trying to solve housing as problem and while doing so they infected other areas, creating informal settlements. Now developmental policies used for alleviating slums themselves will be discussed. All developmental policies rely on the public sector’s role, as the public sector administers the sufficient rates needed to meet emerging needs, sustainability of the financing system (funds must be recovered or re-used to finance housing), and centralization of governing housing (decentralization to local governments). The government’s reaction to slums in the past was demolition and relocating to other areas. The government initiated self-help ownership where it provided slum-dwellers with plots, services, technical assistance, and cheap materials, but only the middle class benefitted and subsides did not go to the entitled class (Hassan, 2011). As the numbers started swelling both solutions became futile; therefore, the government started relying on the slum-dwellers with partial assistance provided to encourage self-help ownership in the enabling approach policy, where the slum-dwellers, subsidized by the government, participate in building their own houses rather than the government being the main provider of housing. This policy was criticized for being unrealistic, it did not consider the affordability of low income which could not withstand the ever changing market countries (Hassan, 2011). According to the “Turne...

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... Egypt 58.4 (2004): 597-611. Web. 8 Mar. 2014. .
Khalifa, Marwa A. "Redefining Slums in Egypt: Unplanned versus Unsafe Areas." Habitat International 35.1 (2011): 40-49. ScienceDirect. Web. 14 Mar. 2014.
Mukhija, Vinit. "Enabling Slum Redevelopment in Mumbai: Policy Paradox in Practice.”
Housing Studies 18.4 (2001): 213-22. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.
National Slum Upgrading Strategy and Action Plan. Kampala: Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development, Dec. 2008. PDF.
Payne, Geoff. "Getting Ahead of the Game: A Twin-track Approach to Improving Existing Slums and Reducing the Need for Future Slums." Environment and Urbanization 17.1 (2005):135-46. Print.
'We Are Not Dirt’: Forced Evictions in Egypt's Informal Settlements. Publication no. MDE 12/001/2011. Amnesty International, 23 Aug. 2011. Web. 17 Feb.2014.

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