The tragical history of Doctor Faustus, which followed in the wake of
Tamburlaine, is acclaimed by all as Marlowe's best play in which the
leaven of fertile poetry and fearless imagination works wonders.
Introduction:
The tragical history of 'Doctor Faustus', which followed in the wake
of 'Tamburlaine', is acclaimed by all as Marlowe's best play in which
the leaven of fertile poetry and fearless imagination works wonders.
The idea of a passionate struggle to reach beyond the grasp of
ordinary mortals as its theme Marlowe takes this old story of the
medieval magician who sells his soul to the Devil for twenty four
years of pleasure and the gift of all knowledge and gives it a
significance as in to that of such world old myths as Eve's eating the
apple and Prometheus' defiance of Gods. Hence, making the Faustus
legend a symbol of humanity's splendid struggle to reach the stars, as
well as a tragedy of infinite aspiration ending in agony and remorse.
Inspite of the critics and scholars being one in their opinion to
recognize Christopher Marlowe's 'Doctor Faustus' as one of the
masterpieces of British drama there cannot be any denying the fact
that the most glaring weakness of 'Doctor Faustus' lies in the lack of
a well knit or an organic plot.
Aristotle's definition of Tragedy:
According to Aristotle 'Tragedy' in the real sense is an imitation of
an action that is complete, and whole, and of a certain magnitude; The
beginning, called by modern critics the incentive moment, must start
the cause-and-effect chain but not be dependent on anything outside
the compass of the play meaning that its causes are downplayed but its
effects are stressed. The middle, or climax, must be caused by earlier
incid...
... middle of paper ...
...d are laid bare.
Conclusion:
Hence the fact remains that 'Doctor Faustus' is unquestionably a
masterpiece by Christopher Marlowe and one of the greatest and the
most powerful tragedy to be written before Shakespeare inspite of its
flaws and limitations. But at the same time it is also clear that
though the beginning of the play just like the end has been perfectly
executed but the middle portion is weak and does not serve its
purpose. As Levin puts it: "The structural weakness of the plot
however corresponds to the anti-climax of the parable; it lays bare
the gaps between the bright hopes of the initial scene and the abysmal
consequences of the last". Therefore, the statement that Doctor
Faustus has a beginning and an end but no middle can be accepted to
some extent as the middle portion though existing is not relevant to
the development of the play.
In both Thomas More’s Utopia and Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus, hubris is a reoccurring theme in both the book and play. While hubris is a reoccurring theme, both Utopia and Doctor Faustus have different types of excessive pride shown throughout the book and play.
Othello is one of Shakespeare’s four pillars of great tragedies. Othello is unique in comparison to the others in that it focuses on the private lives of its primary characters. When researching the subject of Othello being an Aristotelian tragedy, there is debate among some critics and readers. Some claim that Shakespeare did not hold true to Aristotle’s model of tragedy, according to his definition in “Poetics,” which categorized Othello as a classic tragedy as opposed to traditional tragedy. Readers in the twenty-first century would regard Othello a psychological thriller; it definitely keeps you on the edge of your seat creating the emotions of terror, heart break, and sympathy. This paper will focus on what Shakespeare actually intended regarding “Othello” and its Aristotelian influences.
Although Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus has outclassed every one at Wittenberg with his academic studies, he is "still but Faustus, a man." Proud of his accomplishments, he desires to become a superman. His judgment clouded by the sin of his pride, he misunderstands his knowledge and dismisses the disciplines of medicine, philosophy, law, and divinity. He lusts for God's capability to "make men live eternally or being dead raise them to life again," believing the devil's arts of magic and necromancy can provide the power, honour, omnipotence and, most importantly, the wealth he craves. His deluded pursuit of the immediate pleasures such wealth can yield brings upon himself the risk of eternal damnation. By conjuring the devil, Faustus removes himself from the influence of the Holy Ghost and God's love, instigating attacks of despair, and internal conflicts as personified by the Good and Bad Angels.
Having attained all that he desires from the knowledge of man, Marlowe’s character Faustus turns to the only remaining school of thought that he feels he must master which is the art of necromancy. In his pursuits, he manages to summon the devil Mephistopheles, arch demon of hell, and strikes a deal to trade his immortal soul with Lucifer in exchange for being granted an infinite amount of power and knowledge that extends even beyond the limits of human understanding. However in the process of negotiating the terms of his pact, it becomes clear that Faust is in a constant state of uncertainty in terms of whether he should repent and forsake the arrangement or simply go through with it. This underlying theme of internal struggle is introduced very early and reappears in later acts with the appearance of established binaries that suggest a theme of division not only among the character of John Faustus, but within the written text as a whole. This suggests that Faustus is meant to serve as a symbol for the divided nature of man and the consequences of failing to negotiate the struggles that are a result of the divided self.
As the children of a melting pot culture of British, French and German influences, the American consciousness is uniquely poised to reflect upon the impact of one of the most prevalent and oft-retold legends of the modern age: Faust. German in origin but moreover a culmination of various historical figures and indigenous lore, the story of Faust is that of a man who sells his soul to the devil for youth, wealth, pleasure, power or whatever else the writer in question can think to attribute to him. The legend's themes touching so frequently on the subjects of the supernatural and the struggle of good and evil in a Christian mythological setting, it is little wonder that the story has caught the attention and inflamed the imagination of literally hundreds of storytellers from all over Europe and, more recently, North America. Enjoying in excess of five centuries of exposure through books, plays, opera and film, not to mention its basic concepts permeating to the depths of modern speech and expression, Faust is indeed one of the most notable singular legend of modern times. Yet Faust is a malleable figure, gaining influence just as much as it gave, to finally become an amalgam of half a dozen countries' sensibilities.
In Marlowe’s “The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus”, he tells a story of a man who “bids farewell to each of his studies – logic, medicine, law, and divinity – something he has used up” (The Norton Anthology 500). Faustus chooses to leave his studies to pursue knowledge in black magic. Faustus believes “A sound magician is a mighty god” (500). In his efforts to learn more about black magic, he in turn sells his soul to the devil. Faustus could repent his sins at any time; however he chooses to not upset the devil and Mephastophilis and spends eternity in hell.
A verse from Luke 12:48 says, “From everyone who has been given much, much will be demanded; and from the one who has been entrusted with much, much more will be asked”. If you are given a talent, such as power, you are expected to produce a culmination of you work. The magic given to characters in books or shows determine the nature of a character through what they do with it. Christopher Marlow's play Dr. Faustus gives this power to the protagonist, Dr. Faustus. It changes his ambitious, overachieving behavior to a dull, mediocre and underachieving demeanor. Power in this play is oftentimes seen as supernatural, specifically the religion of Christianity, forming demons summoned by sorcerers to accomplish near impossible tasks. Faustus wishes
In this essay the critical approach on (Mythological and Archetypal Approach) played a big role in forming my opinion of the signet classic book, "Doctor Faustus" It is to my knowledge that mythology does not meet our current standards of factual reality, but unlike the 16th century which this play was presented, men like Faustus saw myth as fundamental and a dramatic representation of the deepest instinctual life in the universe.
The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus is known as one of the many books to display a popular understanding of the evolution of modern Western Science. The story is about a medieval doctor who sells his soul to the devil in exchange for knowledge and power. However, he starts to fear hell as his motive to repent for his wrongdoings haunts him. This story takes place in Europe during the 16th century, which was when major changes in philosophy and science occurred. Unfortunately, this was also when conflict between Medieval and Renaissance values occurred. People who held values from the Medieval era strongly believed in God and religion while those with Renaissance values focused on science and the natural world. This conflict is
Dr. Faustus Dr. Faustus, written by Christopher, is the story of a man that represents the common human dissatisfaction with being human. He sells his soul to the devil for what he believes to be limitless power, with full logical knowledge as to the consequences of such a transaction. He knows the stakes of his gamble with the devil. His extensive education and his cultural environment had certainly alerted him as to the dangers associated with Lucifer.
Based on the film, Mephisto, on the other hand, is the devil who wagered with God that Faust is indeed same as all mortal man’s soul, easy to be fooled and misled. To settle the ownership of the Earth, they bet on the soul of Faust. The story of Faust is comparable to the Bible story of Job. If the devil wins, the earth is his, even Faust’s soul, but after the last sand in the hourglass falls signaling the end of their contract, Faust’s soul will return to his body peacefully. Faust is considered a scholar and a doctor. Dr. Faust is recognized as a fine man and a prayerful alchemist. His main concern is to save men’s lives and prevent death during the age of plague. Due to disappointments of failing, his constant depression led him to become angry and embittered, ends up burning his books. One of the pages of the books were interpreted that Mephisto is trying to communicate with Faust. As the perfect timing to tempt a man into sinning, Mephisto enticed Faust by giving him an unbelievable restoring power to heal the people who sought his help from the plague. In exchange, his soul will be owned by the devil. And he revoked the name of the Lord in healing the people, instead the using the name of the devil. Such temptations start with vision into treating the plague, Faust was so taken to his priority that he was willing to give up his soul for the common good. It is seen that the morality of Faust is swayed; his aim to do good, despite knowing that in exchange for this is his soul. Regardless of this, Faust chose to agree to Mephisto’s offered contract.
In Dr. Faustus, Christopher Marlowe has vividly drawn up the character of an intelligent, learned man tragically seduced by the lure of power greater than he was mortally meant to have. The character of Dr. Faustus is, in conception, an ideal of humanism, but Marlowe has taken him and shown him to be damned nonetheless, thus satirizing the ideals of Renaissance Humanism.
In the play Doctor Faustus the main character sells his soul to the devil and later dies and is sent to hell. A question that comes to mind when reading this book is, "Does Doctor Faustus have a Christian moral?" Even though he is persuaded to sell his soul to the devil he still may have some Christian beliefs. Some of the dialogue in the play gives some signals that tell the reader if Faustus has a Christian moral. The Cultural Studies method is shown in this paper because we are talking about someone's beliefs or morals. In this play, Marlowe shows Dr. Faustus's religious beliefs.
In Christopher Marlowe’s play Doctor Faustus, Faustus faces harsh consequences at the end of the play. Faustus is damned for all eternity. It is quite difficult to put your fingers on rather his fate is a tragedy or justice served for all his sins. I want to say his fate was a tragedy because his fate changed into tragedy once he sold his soul for twenty-four years of knowledge and power. I wouldn't say it's a tragedy if he was a bad person and a sinner from the beginning. But I feel sympathy for Doctor Faustus and also sort of feel the connection between him and human being. Therefore, I think his fate was tragic and a pitiful death.
Austen, Glyn. “The Strange Ambiguity of Christopher Marlowe and Dr Faustus: Glyn Austen examines the powerful paradoxes of Dr Faustus in the light of its literary and intellectual context.” The English Review 14.1 (2003): 2