Flappers
When one thinks of flappers, the first thing that comes to mind is the image of a woman dressed much like Julie Andrews in Thoroughly Modern Millie, bobbed hair, fringed low-waisted dress, flat-chested and highly made up face. This, though a stereotype is close to the truth. In the 20’s after the first world war women’s roles in society began to change, primarily because they started becoming more independent – both in their dress and action. They started to defy what was considered to be appropriate feminine behavior and along with those actions came new fashions. The sleek, boyish look became popular and women began to wear lower waistlines, higher hemlines, sleeveless dresses that showed off their arms, long strands of pearls and rolled down pantyhose to show their knees. Women who had larger breasts even went so far as to bind them down to fit into the flat-chested ideal of beauty. The “in” look now was boyish, much in contrast to the feminine big skirted, shirtwaisted dresses of their mothers’ age. Women began to gain the independence and social liberties that men had always possessed, they wanted to physically display their newly gained freedoms. Short hair, first as a bob, later as a slicked down “shingle” that curled above the ears emphasized the new androgynous look women were trying to obtain. These “modern” women asserted their independence by going out dancing, moving to the city alone, drinking even during prohibition, flirting and having love affairs.
After gaining so much independence in World War I when men were away across the ocean, many women resisted the idea that they should now return to the kitchen, the rise of the flapper came out of this new concept of feminism and...
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...elf sufficient, sexy, and powerful were all so appealing to the women who had been oppressed for years in the past that society had to change entirely to accommodate them.
Sources
http://home.earthlink.net/~rbotti/ Flapper Station, information on flapper culture, ties to sites with pictures of vintage flapper clothing
http://www.geocities.com/flapper_culture/ Flapper Culture, first person articles about the age, literary ties in the age and many details about the decade of decadence.
http://home.earthlink.net/~dlarkins/slang-pg.htm The Internet Guide to Jazz Age Slang, jazz dictionary for terms like “applesauce” and “petting party”
Mowry, George Edwin, The Twenties: Fords, Flappers, and Fanatics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice-Hall, 1963
Melman, Billie, Women and the Popular Imagination in the Twenties: Flappers and Nymphs, Macmillan Press, 1988
• Qantas had to make an increased profit and pay a dividend to its shareholders which increased over the years of management
Flappers in the 1920s where the girls and women that dressed less modestly. They also disobeyed the rules that most women and girls followed. They did what others would not ever think of doing in this time period.
Fass, P. S. (1977). The Damned and the Beautiful: American Youth in the 1920s. New York: Oxford University Press.
There was huge controversy about the style and how it affects how women dress today. Views on the modest vs. flapper style are very different. In Cleve’s article, it explains how the Flappers focus their style around dating and being attractive, whereas the modest women would wear very conservative clothes or what the men wanted. The Flapper was seen as hurting a woman’s reputation to be dressed in that way, but it was also seen as a stand for women’s rights to achieve self-fulfillment. During the modest era, women had little to no rights and did whatever the man told her and would run the house.
Some people hated this idea of the Flapper and they blamed the war for these women’s new behaviors. After World War I, young women and young girls started to act free and go against their families. “Some people in society blamed the war for triggering this rebellion of youth and they claimed it had upset the balance of the sexes and, in particular, confuse women of their role in society and where they truly belonged” (Grouley 63). Some people hated the idea of the flappers and these women had become. These women, the flappers, in the 1920s felt free after the 19th amendment was passed. “Since the early twentieth century, the sexual habits of these American women had changed in profound ways” (Zeitz 21). Flappers drank, partied, and had romantic evenings with men. All of which were illegal for women. In addition, they were an embarrassment to society and they were able to get away with anything. “Flappers were a disgrace to society because they were lazy-pleasure seekers who were only interested in drinking, partying, and flirting” (Dipalo 1). For instance, Flappers went to clubs, drank, and hung out with men and were too lazy to do anything. Therefore, one consequence of the war was the creation of a new woman and this led to a movement like no other.
In the 1920s, a new woman was born. She smoked, drank, danced, and voted. She cut her hair, wore make-up, and went to petting parties. She was giddy and took risks. She was a flapper.
Flapper by Joshua Zeitz is a book that many historians have found so thrilling that they find it difficult to put it away. This is because of the manner in which Joshua presents the themes touching story. He tells a telling the story and growth and development of the American woman. He explores the role of industrialization and the growth and development of urban centres. He uses a romantic story using Zelda and F. Scott. Besides, fashion, which many women strive to achieve, plays an essential role in making the work of Joshua a world class literature. American woman underwent a number of revolutionary stages to come to what is now referred to as modern women. Through the stories of Zelda and Scott, the reader is able to imagine the rough road that women in America have travelled to achieve their current status of modern woman.
In the 1920's the term flapper referred to a "new breed" of women. They wore short skirts and dresses which were straight and very loose. The arms were left bare and the waistline was dropped to the hips. By 1927 the length of the skirts had rose just below the knee which when they danced would be shown. The chests appeared to look very small and women would tape themselves to look even smaller. Bras were also sold to make them appear very small. Their hairstyles were cut very short and were known as a bob, another popular style that was later introduced was the "Eaton" or "Shingle". These styles had slicked the hair back and covered the ears with curls. Women started wearing "kiss proof" lipstick in shades of red, their eyes were ringed a dark black color, and their skin was powered to look very pale. One of the big things with the flappers were that they smoked cigarettes through long holders and drank alcohol openly in public now. They also started dating freely and danced all night long very provocatively. Jazz music was rising in population and the flappers brought it out even more. Not all women changed into becoming a flapper, yet the little numbers impacted the 1920's in a huge way.
... amid nations (Gerber 2002, p. 29). Although there has been a major decrease of barriers to trade liberalisation concerning flight amenities in the last century, there are imperative uncontrollable external factors a business must assess and weigh before entering international borders and becoming a prosperous globally identified firm (Ramamurti & Sarathy 1997). Qantas, a highly esteemed patriotic and iconic Australian brand has demonstrated accomplishment intercontinentally. The ultimate success of their business, in order to sustain competitiveness in their global market, will rely heavily on their continuous assessment of combined political and legal reforms, economic dynamics, sociocultural influences, technological modifications and environmental concerns and their interlocking marketing strategies to gain the most beneficial opportunities that come their way.
In the scope of the mainstream, in regards to women- The Flapper specifically, the 1920s could be seen as an era of rapid progressivism both socially and politically; I am here to tell you that this is not necessarily the case. While many battles in the 20s were won for women- women’s suffrage was now a constitutional right, women were permitted degrees of greater autonomy by entering the workplace and by living away from home and et cetera- like so many other things in this newly emerging modern era, there was more lying beneath the surface that serves to tell a contrary story. In this paper, we will be focusing on women’s move towards greater liberties and autonomy by looking at the duality of the Flapper (as an icon for the
Globalisation is the process where a business will expand and operate over international boundaries. In doing this, wider communication with the world can be established, the potential to explore new markets can occur and employment opportunities can be created for residents of the countries in which International businesses are situated. Qantas has entered the global airline market successfully since 1958 when it offered the first “round the world” air service, in 1999 joined the Oneworld Alliance which consists of eight of the world’s top airlines (Aer Lingus, American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Finnair, Iberia and Lan Chile). When travelling to Europe, we experienced globalisation when purchasing airline tickets through Qantas’ website which were later discovered to be affiliated w...
One of the many influences that affect Qantas is the presence of globalisation, which has heavily affected the airline both positively and negatively. Globalisation is a process which refers to the increased integration between different countries and economies as well as the increased impact of international influences on all aspects of life and economic activity. Globalisation is responsible for the removal of many trade barriers and the increased level of competition that Qantas has been exposed to. The increased levels of competition has increased consumer sovereignty and forced Qantas to implement strategies to gain a competitive advantage in order to redirect consumers towards their business. Qantas has implemented a cost leadership strategy as a response to globalisation and the influence of cost based competition. One way that Qantas achieved this was by using Globalisation itself to the business’ advantage. Globalisation ha...
Dubbed by Fitzgerald as “the quintessence of what the term ‘flapper’ signifies,” Clara Bow served as the model for all flappers. A flapper was the new woman; attractive, sassy, “worldly-wise, and briefly clad.” The flapper took on an impish and tomboyish, at lead for their time, attitude. They danced on tables, rendering the recklessness of the new youth. But modern women proved to be a danger for the conventionalism of America. They influenced the change on women’s rights, what was considered moral, and what was considered appropriate for women. These issues had previously been for making a timid woman; upon the coming of the modern woman, these issues made for a modernist female.
Albers, S. B. (2009, March 13). crisis of Qantas. Retrieved May 14, 2014, from Qantas crisis: http://wenku.baidu.com/view/31572f48cf84b9d528ea7a56