1.1 Introduction Industrialization commenced in earnest only after the independence in 1947. From a predominantly agrarian economy, India has moved towards rapid industrialization with the state retaining the privilege of entrepreneurship an authority in a system of mixed economy. For four decades, the focus had been on the public sector, which was perceived as a means of achieving industrial growth with social justice. It was Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru the 1st prime minister of independent India, who laid the foundation of a strong industrial base for the country. It was he who should be given the chief credit for fostering the creation of a rich scientific and technological pool by which the country is benefiting today. During his time many dams were built such as the one at Bhakra Nangal. In the mixed economy followed during that period as per his brand of socialist ideology, in which both the public and private sectors were given the scope and the opportunities to grow. The private sector was allowed to function along with public enterprises, but under the control of the government with strict licensing and supervision. Initially, this led to a rapid industrialization with large capital-intensive industries in the public sectors. A number of state owned industrial enterprises were established in various sectors - In steel, power, heavy engineering etc. It cannot be denied that much of the industrial and scientific advance achieved by India of which are proudly boasted today owe a lot to his foresight and vision. He called all theses projects ¡§The Temples of Modern India¡¨ that would bring about the country¡¦s progress and prosperity. But unfortunately many of the state owned and run enterprises in various sectors did not function successfully and satisfactorily due to structural, operational, managerial, marketing, and other such deficiencies so that the public sector came to be looked upon as inefficient, not yielding, the results that have been expected of them, some of them even turning out to be white elephants. At the same time many of them did serve the socio economic objectives which was the purpose behind their setting up, but this being quite cited as the reason and made an excuse for their inefficient functioning, largely the consequences of their not being run on commercial principles. These reasons causing inefficiency in the functioning of the industries, brought the country to a state of crisis, prompting the government to make a complete turn around by introducing the National Industrial Policy (NIP) in 1991 which sought to build on past industrial achievements and depend on market mechanisms to make Indian industry internationally competitive.
Industrialization is the process in which an economy is changed from an agricultural economy to a manufacturing approach and manual labor is replaced by machines in factories. Industrialization brought a more diverse amount of goods and more total goods and improved living for many but, for others it resulted in harsh working and living conditions for the poor and working class. Many positives and negative were present during the industrialization of the U.S. Positives such as more goods being distributed, easier way of doing things, and being able to mass produce. Negatives like children working long and difficult jobs and many workers having poor working conditions.
Starting in the mid 1700s and continuing to the late 1850s, arguably still ongoing today, industrialization is centered on the development of machinery and urbanization. This new era found its roots in Great Britain, and later in the entirety of Western Europe once the French Revolution and the Congress of Vienna were resolved. Development was essential in Great Britain simply because it was not connected to continental Europe and Britain had the resources, like coal, to fuel the industrial revolution. Once the idea of industrialization was sparked, it burned like wildfire and spread to the rest of Europe. Results of industrialization were exceptional and robust; calling for others to join. Industrialization was a time for growth, both economically and politically, wide
Industrialization is the process of developing machine production of goods. Extensive natural resources such as water power, coal, iron ore, rivers, and harbors were required for industrialization. Britain had not only these resources but in addition it had an expanding economy to support industrialization, a large population of workers, and political stability which gave Britain an advantage. All these things are called the factors of production.
The Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, opening doors of unlimited production possibilities. The inventors of this time created a new look on life and the eager society of the century never looked back. Industrialization is an on-going process that is central to understanding humans. With inventions from such dedicated people as James Watt, Benjamin Franklin, and Eli White, the Industrial Revolution was made possible.
The Industrial Revolution began over two centuries ago and has had a major impact on every current world power. It began in a group of islands off the North West coast of Europe and has been imitated or tried by every nation looking to increase its wealth and power throughout the world. Industrialization came out of the basic ideas of capitalism because it fostered to individuals who were willing to take high risks in hopes of high returns on their investments. These investments included factories and machines that would be put to use by people to better their standard of living. These entrepreneurs would return their profits back into the expansion and improvement of their factories and machines. This method, included with the low wages being
Industrialization was a period of rapid expansion in the 19th and 20th century for the United States and had a profound effect on the country. Although there was much success across the country, such as massive population growth and manual labor becoming easier, the negative effects of industrialization outweigh the positives.
The Industrial Revolution was a period of in which fundamental changes occurred in agriculture, factories, mining, transportation, machinery, economic policies, and in the social structure of England. Industrialization began in Great Britain and it was a major turning point in history. It changed the way countries produced its goods. England turned into an agricultural society to an industry and manufacturing society. During this era, there was a huge impact on the growth of cities, employment of skilled and unskilled workers, the role of women and families, and laws and national policies.
The Industrial Revolution is a period of rapid transition characterized by the introduction of machinery. This new manufacturing process replaces human power with mechanical power, producing mass production and mass consumption of goods throughout Western Europe and North America from about 1760-1840. This series of inventions affected major sectors of the economy including agriculture and transportation. As a result, this era of accelerated change due to the birth of modern industrialization continues to play a major turning point in human society by affecting almost every aspect of our social, cultural, and economic conditions.
Industrialization can be viewed on the basis of various aspects such as the society, economy, politics and technology.
Firstly, industrialisation has expanded the employment opportunities in India. People living in rural areas have moved to cities in search of better employment.
In its proximate stage, Industrialization is humankind's attempt to divulge from individualism and utilize collective force to maximize production. Ultimately, it is a capitalistic machine and mindset aiming to eliminate unnecessary production cost and extract the maximum amount of potential and efficient energy out of the individual, society and social system. This industrialization monster at this proportion tramples upon the rights of individuals running over anything and everything relating to society since every individual is interdependent on one another. Furthermore, it eliminates family and cultural values and completely turns the way of life of individuals t...
Industrializations has occurred in many nation through out the world. It mainly started in the 19th century. One of the country who was one of the first to have industrial in there country was Great Britain. If had many pros and cons on the lives workers.
During the 19th century, modifications and innovative ideas formed what would shape the face of the modern world. Industrialization was the shift from an agrarian and handmade economy to a machine and manufactured one (Judge 664). It transpired in Britain first and eventually spread across the Atlantic and the United States. Industrialization helped pave the way towards more workers’ rights, stronger nations, improved economies, and improvements for the middle and lower classes.
Industrial revolution was originated in the United Kingdom in mid-18 centuries, a change in the social and economic structure. Before the industrial revolution was to take the place, there were some causes that led the revolution. A new era in Europe’s demography began around 1730, and by 1800 Europe’s population bad grown by at least 50 percent. The population grew in eighteenth-century Europe with an increasing pace and scale of economic activity. A new name was given to a type of economic development that occurred before the rise of the factory system in the late eighteenth century: protoindustrialization. In this phase, the volume of rural manufacturing increased under the putting-out system, as more rural families devoted more time to
The social impact of the industrial revolution differentiated across the regions and classes. As factories emerged around towns, the population increased because of the migration from rural areas to the more convenient urban areas. New family and class structures became more evident to accommodate to the new wage economy and production was no longer in homes but in factories due to the need of large scale production. The cities transcended from 10% Europeans to an increase of 52% Englishmen, 25% Frenchmen and 36% Germans living in the cities. (Abdul Najeeb, (12th December