The issue of abundance within the mission became one which Duran struggled with. While the friars were concerned with the issue of poverty among themselves, they were also quite cognizant of how necessary the issue of abundance was to the natives, since abundance was one of the means by which the Missionary Fathers could attract the natives to the missions. This recruitment of neophytes to the missions was vital to the survival of the missions as Duran knew. No food (abundance), no Indians, no missions. One of the ways this can be seen is in a letter Duran sent to the procurator of the College of San Fernando in 1808:
We have just received your Reverence’s letter, dated August 24, in which you inform us that the antependia , etc. which we had asked for will not come, nor will the ladles for the Indians. This last (item) we regret extremely because we prefer the Indians to what is least necessary for the church. And so the said one hundred ladles must be of first priority in the next list of supplies. Your Reverence well says that it is not possible to provide everything because of a lack of money; but from now on we are warned against asking for articles of wood because of their exorbitant cost. We will appreciate it if you do not send the side altar, the painting of the Judgment, and everything else which, it seems, they have included among the items which have risen in price because of the war—unless of course, your Reverence finds himself under obligations. We intend henceforth to lighten you work by asking only for what is of prime necessity.
The friars in the mission system of California were well aware of the need to keep the natives in and around the missions. If their neophytes were allowed to go off foraging into th...
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...ce of The Desire of a Soul. Edited by Regis J. Armstrong, O.F.M. Cap et al. Francis of Assisi: Early Documents. New York: New City Press, 2000.
Bonaventure of Bagnoregio. “Chapter Seven.” In The Major Legend of Saint Francis. Edited by Regis J. O.F.M. Cap Armstrong et al. Francis of Assisi: Early Documents. New York: New City Press, 2000.
Narciso Duran OFM. October 31 Letter to The Missionaries At San Juan Bautista. Translated by Francis Price. Mission San Jose, 1808.
Mendieta, Geronimo de, OFM. “Chapter 29.” In Historia Eclesiastica Indiana. Edited by Joaquin Garcia Icazbalcta. Volume IV. Mexico: Antigua Libreria, 1870.
Archibald, Robert. The Economic Aspects of The California Missions. Washington, D.C.: Academy of American Franciscan History, 1978. Narciso Duran OFM. February 25th Letter to Fray Jose Viñals. Translated by Francis Price. Mission San Jose, 1809.
Additionally, this essay would be a good read for those interested in the topic of sexuality, gender and culture or anyone studying anthropology. This essay contributes to understanding aspects of California history that is not primarily discussed. The reader gets and insight on two different cultures, and the effects of them merging together -- in this case, the cultures of the Spaniards and Indians. I believe that this article supports Competing Visions as the text also discusses how “the object of the missions was to convert the natives to Christianity as well as to Hispanicize them…” and both touch upon the topic of the rapes of
Teja, Jesus F. De La. A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguin. Austin: State House Press, 1991.
C. W. Hackett, ed., Historical Documents relating to New Mexico, Nueva Vizcaya, and Approaches Thereto, to 1773, vol. III (Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1937), 327-35.
Milanich, Jerald T. and Susan Milbrath., ed. First Encounters: Spanish Exploration in the Caribbean and the United States1492-1570. Gainesville: U of Florida P, 1989.
Dutto, Rev. L. A. The Life of Bartolomé de Las Casas and the First Leaves of American Ecclesiastical History St. Louis, MO: B. Herder 1902
Mackey, C. Mucho Mariachi. Americas. (English edition). Washington: Jan 1996. Vol. 48, Iss. 1; pg. 2, 2 pgs.
St. Francis of Assisi was born in Umbria in the year 1182. He was a child every father hoped for, he was filled with life, a determined and courageous individual. He was gifted with rather good looks, qualities that attracted friends and a gift of leadership. His father was an extremely wealthy merchant in Assisi. But this son, his favourite, was the one who broke Peter Bernardone’s heart. The boy turned on his father, and in a vicious event that eventually resulted into a public scene. St. Francis of Assisi stepped away from his father, his business and left his father in a state of immense emotional suffering.
The narrator in “Famine” by Xu XI was raised by her parents A-Ba and A-Ma in Hong Kong. Her Father made her quit school after her primary school was over which was the through the sixth grade. She was then forced to take care of her aging parents till they died in their mid-nineties. Her father was abusive and very controlling over everything in her life while her mom chose to do nothing about it. She was rarely aloud out with friends or to have much fun at all she never experienced much in life. She wanted to do something she really wanted to learn, but her father said no in order to continue her education to become an English teacher she went on several hunger strikes to rebel her father wants. Food seemed herd to come by in her house particularly, they were forced vegetarians by A-Ba’s decision, they ate very little and the food was also bland. A-Ba and A-ma were not very loving parents, they expected a lot out of their
In the first section, Monroy describes the Indian and the Iberian cultures and illustrates the role each played during missionization, as the Indians adapted ?to the demands of Iberian imperialism.?(5) He stresses the differen...
Stead, G. Christopher. The Easter Sermons of Gregory of Nyssa. Edited by Andreas Spira and Christoph Klock. Patristic Monograph Series No. 9. Philadelphia: The Philadelphia Patristic Foundation, Ltd., 1981.
To the defense of the Spaniards, there was little knowledge that the diseases of the Columbian exchange had caused the widespread, mass deaths of the natives. Las Casas was pivotal in bringing to light the brutal treatment of the natives. The crown took this information seriously. If it hadn’t been for Las Casas stance on anti-brutality against the natives, change would not have come for a long
Mission San Diego de Alcalá’s symbol for their livestock is the letter S&D mixed together. At the mission Father Serra taught catholic faith to the Indians nearby. The Spanish planted there camp right on the spot that the Indians harvested their food. There was a supply ship that delivered the supplies for the mission, the ship was very late. A man named Portla said to abandon the mission because the supply ship was not coming. Father Serra reasoned and said to wait a few days. Portla said if the ship did not come by March 19th to abandon the mission. They had look outs everyday till March 19th. The lookout spotted the supply ship on the very, March 19th. When the ship came,they no longer had to abandon the mission. San Diego de Alcalá mission is a very important part of the people's hearts that
Houston, Stephen. “Classic Maya Religion: Beliefs and practices of an Ancient American People.” BYU Studies 38.4 (1999): 43-64. Print.
In Book Thirteen of Confessions, Saint Augustine’s subject matter is the Holy Spirit, who is love. We are enlightened to the main point of his entire work. He believed that everything and everyone is connected to love. He said, when we share this love, which comes from the Holy Spirit, we are closest to God. In this essay, I will summarize Augustine’s final work and I will compare it to the teachings of Plotinus, Stoics and Skepticism. I will evaluate its value through different philosophical viewpoints shared through various texts.
Pollen, John Hungerford. "St. Ignatius Loyola." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company,1910. 23 Mar. 2014 .