Fax Technology System and Failure

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As one of the most popular communication tools used mostly by business in 20th century, Fax makes remote copies of documents at speeds almost as fast as making copies on an office copier, about 2 to 10 pages a minute. Since the sending of messages through fax is cheap, easy and fast, it has become a necessary part for most business, such as hospitals, law offices, real estate firms, political organizations, technical support departments etc. Nowadays, this technology system has developed sophisticated that people can easily access it on personal computers.
Fax functions like two office copiers electrically connected by a telephone line. And its mechanism is similar to talking on telephone. For instance, when two people talking on phones, words are converted into electrical signals that travel over the telephone line to the receiving telephone. For fax, the scanning process produces electrical signals of imagines within the same range as voice which would be sent through telephone lines. Then the receiving side of fax machine reads the small black dots that from each character horizontally across pages.
Fax has come through a long period of time to become a successful product compare with other communication technologies, for example, telegraph, telephone and ultimately e-mail. The reasons vary from the series of questions raised from the development of this complicated technology system to its narrower use. However, the favor of facsimile didn’t last long and was replaced by other more advanced technologies soon. The primary challenges fax technology encountered during its revolution can be classified in five categories, technological, material, competitive, operational, and environmental, which also explain...

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...p with new products to compete with other technologies.
In 1960s and 70s, for example, there were many startup entrepreneurs like information engineer Robert E. Wernikoff. He convinced several investors in 1963 that digital faxing could provide faster transmission and higher resolution compare with its analog. Then he started his development with a company called Electronic Image Systems. But later on he discovered that the technology he was working on was composed of many other technologies. And integrating them was a major challenge. Eventually EIS ended up shifting its focus from facsimile to survive. Lacking the financial and technical resources to complete and promote products was the same challenge to many startups. By 1971, of eight facsimile service companies established by 1969, one went down, and six of them had cut their budgets drastically.

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