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Insight about Social Learning Theory
Insight about Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory in current practice
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Family plays an important role in the positive development of a child’s mind, behavior and in general as a whole. Everyone wants a stable environment whether at home or outside. Stability in life does not last all the time due to stress, conflict or any other issues that sometimes can’t be avoided. Conflict occurs with or without us realizing it. It can happen in our daily lives from the smallest to the biggest issues either with our family, friends, strangers, colleagues or just about anyone we may encounter. Conflict is a struggle over values and claims to scarce status, power and resources in which the aims of the opponents are to neutralize, injure or eliminate the rivals (Coser, 1967). There are always advantages and disadvantages when conflict occurs, it can either strengthen or even weaken a particular situation. Family conflicts are just like other conflicts happening around us. It can affect us in many ways as an individual. A number of past studies revealed that children and adolescents showed a high potential of externalizing behavior problems, particularly when they became witnesses or victims of conflicts in their family environment (Hornor, 2005).
The aim of this research is to investigate if family conflict affects child social development. Theory that can relate to this research proposal is social learning theory by Albert Bandura, 1977. Bandura explained that people learn new things and behaviors by observing other also known as observational learning, where children learn and observe people behaviors by imitating the act later on. For example, in the famous ‘Bobo doll’ studies, an adult acted violently towards the Bobo doll and right after the child saw it, the child act the same thing just like what the child ...
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Fomby, P., & Osborne, C. (2008). The relative effects of family instability and mother/partner conflict on children’s externalizing behavior. Retrieved from http://crcw.princeton.edu/workingpapers/WP08-07-FF.pdf
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Piers , V., Harris, B., & Herzberg, S. (2012). Piers-harris children's self-concept scale, second edition (piers-harris 2). Retrieved from http://portal.wpspublish.com/portal/page?_pageid=53,112628&_dad=schema=PORTAL
Tsai, Y. (2008). Work-family conflict,positive spillover,and emotions among asian american working mothers. Retrieved from http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60855/1/athy_1.pdf
Children from a single-parent home that are relatively conflict-free are less likely to be a delinquent than children from conflict-ridden “intact” homes. A stable, secure, and mutually supportive family is exceedingly important
The relationships with one’s family are typically the first an individual experiences, thus providing a foundation for identity formation. Consistent with Erikson’s model of identity development, Bosma and Kunnen (2001) suggest the outcomes of earlier developmental crises impacts the search for one’s identity. For example, positive outcomes from previous life challenges are more likely to produce a positive outcome in identity formation. In the early stages, parents help the individual develop a sense of trust by providing resources (e.g. food, water, shelter, etc.) and comfort when the individual enters the world. Similarly, the family also fosters autonomy and initiative in children when they allow children to make appropriate decisions and engage in new activities. Since family members play such a crucial role in the early experiences of children, it is easy to see the role that familial support plays in the formation of an individual’s identity. Successful negotiation of the early crises depends on support from the
That’s what the research team of the University of California Los Angeles, try’s the prove in, “Spillover in the Home: The Effects of Family Conflict on Parents’ Behavior”.
The development of antisocial behavior is a process that begins in early childhood and evolves into more serious externalizing behaviors throughout the school-age years and into adulthood. Coercion theory, developed by Patterson in 1982, describes how this trajectory begins. This extant literature on coercion theory posits that early interactions with the caregiver shape how children tolerate calls for compliance and teaches both children and parents to negotiate conflict in a coercive manner (Patterson, 1982). There are three basic processes in coercion theory: parental demand, child refusal, and parental withdrawal (Granic & Patterson, 2006; Patterson, 1982; Braungart-Rieker, Garwood & Stifter, 1997). More specifically, a coercive interaction
Families serve as one of the strongest socializing forces in a person's life. They help teach children to control unacceptable behavior, to delay gratification, and to respect the rights of others. Conversely, families can also teach children aggressive, antisocial, and violent behavior. In adults' lives, family responsibilities may provide an important stabilizing force. Given these possibilities, family life may directly contribute to the development of delinquent and criminal tendencies. Parental conflict and child abuse correlate with delinquency. Though not all children who grow up in conflictive or violent homes become delinquent, however, being exposed to conflict and violence appears to increase the risk of delinquency. At this point, researchers have not pin pointed what factors exactly push some at-risk youth into delinquency. A child with criminal parents faces a greater likelihood of becoming a delinquent than children with law-abiding parents. However, the influence appears not to be directly related to criminality but possibly to poor supervision.
Family plays a major role in a child’s life and his or hers social and emotional development. When abuse and neglect take a toll on a child’s life at such a young age, it can affect them physically and emotionally. When a child is maltreated, it affects their education, behavior, relationships, etc. and most likely follows them throughout life. According to the article “Effects of Chronic Maltreatment and maltreatment timing on children’s behavior and cognitive abilities,” over 900,000 children in the United States alone were victims of abuse and neglect in 2006(184). There are many factors that may alter the outcomes of a child who is or was abused, for example, the age the abuse and neglect began, how long it went on for, or if it was physical or emotional abuse.
3. An adequate example of this would be identified in the article, “Children’s Misbehaviors and Parental Discipline Strategies in Abusive and Nonabusive Families,” written by Trickett P.K and Kuczynski L. In
According to Bandura’s social learning theory, children learn social behaviour through watching the behaviour of adults (Hoffnung et al., 2013). The child is more likely to act in the same way as their parents. It can be because of their experience of getting rewards or through the observation of adults. Children might learn to handle conflict by throwing tantrums, arguing and fighting because that is how their parents act. On other hand children
Considering that over 45 percent of marriages today end in divorce, it is crucial to understand recent research regarding the positive and negative effects of divorce on children’s mental health. Studies have shown that although children of broken homes generally have more adjustment difficulties than children of intact families, the distinction between these two groups appears to be much less significant than previously assumed (1). In the case of parental separation, studies suggest that children undergo a decline in the standard of living, exhibit poorer academic performance, engage in increased alcohol/ substance abuse, as well as experience diminishing rates of employment. However, underlying factors must be taken into consideration when assessing the long-term consequence of divorce on children, which happens to be resiliency rather than dysfunction (1). These key contextual factors that influence post-divorce adjustment include parenting styles, custody arrangements, age of the child, financial stability, and most importantly, the nature and magnitude of parental conflict. Persistent, unsettled conflict or violence is linked to greater emotional anxiety and psychological maladjustment in children, whereas negative symptoms like fear and insecurity are reduced when parents resolve their conflicts through compromise and negotiation. Although divorce unveils many risk factors involving a child’s health, it may be more beneficial rather than detrimental to children living in highly discorded families, in which children are able to acquire externalizing and internalizing behaviors (1). The development of coping skills and living in a supportive and empathetic environment are two crucial components for children to manage their ne...
Families and Individuals in Societal Contexts - An understanding of families and their relationships to other institutions, such as the educational, governmental, religious, healthcare, and occupational institutions in society.
A child who is not successful in acquiring the skills they try will move on to the adolescent stage with the mindset that they are inferior to their peers. Their success or failure in the development of new skills informs the child’s self-concept. Self-concept is the idea that one holds about themselves. How they feel about their intelligence, personality, ethnicity, gender, and more are all a part of the child’s self-concept (Berger K. S., 2010, p. 285). In early childhood, a person’s self-concept is optimistic and strong.
This “circle” may include family and friends. Over the years, the constituents of a typical household have evolved. Extended families are increasing and the probabilities of a child growing up with one or no parent are more likely to happen now than they did years ago. Studies have found that families with both parents involved in a child’s life are less likely to have delinquent juveniles than families with one or no parent as long as the parents displayed healthy communication and lifestyles among themselves and their children. Furthermore, extended families seem to have a healthier lifestyle than that of nuclear families. The main point focuses on the idea that the happier and healthier a family is, the less likely the children will grow to commit offenses. Bad parenting falls under this idea. Parents who abuse, neglect, and communicate poorly with their children will more likely raise a child who will be involved in criminal acts. Household abuse also tends to work in a cycle. If a child is abused then he or she will more likely be at risk of abusing his or her future children. Studies also show that parents who are involved in criminal offenses are more likely to have juvenile delinquents because children learn from their parents. Thus, abuse and delinquent behavior correspond with each other. Additionally, if the child has a delinquent sibling, that also
Myers-Walls, J., & Karuppaswamy, N. (2013). The effect of divorce on children: What makes a difference. Retrieved from https://www.extension.purdue.edu/providerparent/family-child relationships/effectdivorce.htm
The extent to which a parent negatively disciplines a child for wrongful behavior may lead to a cascade of psychological problems later on in life. Such problems could include problems in learning, romantic relationships, suppression of immoral tendencies, and overall physical health. It seems intuitive that when a young adolescent is exposed to harsh and restrictive parents, certain negative outcomes would ensue causing that adolescent to grow psychologically into a teen or adult with interesting behaviors.
Before learning about early childhood in this class I never realized all the way children at such a young age are developing. From the second part of this course I learned how much children are developing at the early childhood stage. I never realized children learn how about their emotions, having empathy, and self-concept at such a young age. I thought children had it easy. They play with friends, start school, and just be kids. One important thing that stood out to me in this chapter is that children’s self-esteem starts at this stage. According to Berk (2012), “self-esteem is the judgments we make about our own worth and the feelings associated with those judgments (p. 366)”. Self-esteem is very important for a child to have and it can