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Advantages of corporate diversification
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a) Cliff’s current investment approach disadvantage includes the lack of diversification. The objective of diversification is not to boost performance, as there is no guarantee for gains and losses. Diversification could help to set the appropriate level of risk for an investor’s time horizon, financial goals, and tolerance for portfolio volatility. In Cliff’s case, investments are only in the form of stock and bonks. To increase the diversification of the investment, Cliff should acquire some investments with lower risks and different types, for instance, treasury Bills (T-bills). T-bills are short-term securities that mature in one year or less from their issue date, which is the most marketable money market security. A larger variety of investments will lead to a reduction in the volatility of returns, thus secures Cliff’s investment.
Another disadvantage of Cliff’s approach would be just based on articles suggestion to choose his investment. Despite of praised by the articles for having good investment opportunities, each investor would have different risk tolerance level and goals, under different circumstances and time. Cliff should list out his expectation and targets for his investment in order to have an appropriate approach. Risk and returns level should be considered.
Cliff also fail to take time to evaluate the portfolio performance, it is critical as the investor should be aware of their current situation and have amendment if necessary before it is too late and fails in his financial objectives. No revision of portfolio may make portfolio redundant. It is essential to perform portfolio analysis and management frequently. Portfolio management is the dynamic function of evaluating and revising in terms of stated inves...
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...lancing his investment in every 3-5 years times. If his strategy is remained the same, he should still focus on some mid to long term mutual funds to invest. This would be a good choice for him to accumulate funds for his retirement. Rebalancing portfolio can help Cliff to maintain his original asset-allocation strategy and allow him to implement any changes based on his investing style.
To consider rebalancing, Cliff should take a look at his investment record to see his returns and strategy. The investment record can also serves as a comparison if needed in the future. The review and calculation of current value of the portfolio can be made to compare to the original weightings to see if a rebalance is necessary. Adjustment can be made if there is a change in the original weightings to keep the level of risk constant and unaffected to other parts of Cliff’s life.
Can We Keep Our Promises? The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the article called “Can We Keep Our Promises?” by Robert D. Arnott, and to help better understand the three key risks facing each investor. Robert Arnott describes risk and return as “having two sides of the same coin” meaning risk is inseparable from return. Arnott points out the most important risks that are faced by managers of company pension plans: underperforming other corporate pension funds (their peers), losing money (mostly associated with portfolio standard deviation or volatility), and underperforming the values of pension obligations and therefore losing actuarial ground.
You might be tempted to dip into your retirement fund for a major purchase, find the will to resist. You’ll pay extra fees and taxes, and you are robbing your future self. If you leave it alone, your money will continue to grow year after year. Your gains can be reinvested and you’ll earn more than you would have with just a small chunk of
The fact that majority of the capital funds was in the form of portfolio capital instead of foreign direct investment (FDI) had also worsen the situation. The ratio of portfolio capital to FDI had increased substantially from 1:1.3 in 1990 to 1:6.5 in 1993. Given the volatile nature, portfolio capital tends to respond with greater speed to changes in the environment.
Personal Differences. In this case, Dan Richardson, a partner in Educational Pension Investments (EPI), founded EPI with a philosophy of maintaining low-risk investment portfolios with moderate income; a philosophy that has been in place for 50 years. This risk adverse philosophy found Dan considering the merits of a more aggressive investment approach to offset the fact that EPI’s growth has not kept pace with other investment opportunities. (Whetten & Cameron, 2011)
Vanguard Case Analysis After reading through the Vanguard case, there were a few difficult forks in the road that Vanguard seems to be facing. The company’s future can be greatly affected by some of these difficult choices. Vanguard has to decide whether to change their investment offerings, further develop Internationally, or to simply advertise to increase their client base. Top managers at Vanguard have to step up to the plate and rollout detailed plans as to what path the company should take regarding some of these issues. Through our in-class discussions, the majority of the students argued on one major problem that Vanguard was facing.
...r investments that can support the other weight and balance their portfolio and therefore alleviate some of the risk they face.
As I inched my way toward the cliff, my legs were shaking uncontrollably. I could feel the coldness of the rock beneath my feet when my toes curled around the edge in one last futile attempt at survival. My heart was racing like a trapped bird, desperate to escape. Gazing down the sheer drop, I nearly fainted; my entire life flashed before my eyes. I could hear stones breaking free and fiercely tumbling down the hillside, plummeting into the dark abyss of the forbidding black water. The trees began to rapidly close in around me in a suffocating clench, and the piercing screams from my friends did little to ease the pain. The cool breeze felt like needles upon my bare skin, leaving a trail of goose bumps. The threatening mountains surrounding me seemed to grow more sinister with each passing moment, I felt myself fighting for air. The hot summer sun began to blacken while misty clouds loomed overhead. Trembling with anxiety, I shut my eyes, murmuring one last pathetic prayer. I gathered my last breath, hoping it would last a lifetime, took a step back and plun...
Ross, S.A., Westerfield, R.W., Jaffe, J. and Jordan, B.D., 2008. Modern Financial Management: International Student Edition. 8th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
William Sharpe, Gordon J. Alexander, Jeffrey W Bailey. Investments. Prentice Hall; 6 edition, October 20, 1998
Present theoretical arguments for the choice of net present value as the best method of investment appraisal;
From my perspective, the usefulness of CAPM is directed towards efficient investment decision making and strategic management. Moosa (2013) remarks CAPM to be a supportive model in ‘evaluating the performance of managed portfolios and for investment purposes’.
Hensel, C. R., Ezra, D., & Ilkiw, J. H. (1991). The Importance of the Asset Allocation Decision.
One of the key areas of long-term decision-making that firms must tackle is that of investment - the need to commit funds by purchasing land, buildings, machinery, etc., in anticipation of being able to earn an income greater than the funds committed. In order to handle these decisions, firms have to make an assessment of the size of the outflows and inflows of funds, the lifespan of the investment, the degree of risk attached and the cost of obtaining funds.
In order to understand how to deal with money the important idea to know is the time value of money. Time Value of Money (TVM) is the simple concept that a dollar that someone has now is worth more than the dollar that person will receive in the future, this is because the money that the person holds today is worth more because it can be invested and earn interest (Web Finance, Inc., 2007). The following paper will explain how annuities affect TVM problems and investment outcomes. The issues that impact TCM will also be discussed: Interest rates and compounding (with two problems), present value, future value, opportunity cost, annuities and the rule of '72.
Using the Modern Portfolio Theory, overtime risk assets will provide a higher expected rate of return, as compensation to the investors for accepting a high risk. The high risk will eventually lower collecting asset classes to the portfolio, thus reducing the volatile risk, and increasing the expected rates of return. Furthermore the purpose of this theory is to develop the most optimal investments portfolio which would yield the highest rate of return while ascertaining the risk for the individual or corporate investor.