1 Introduction
The facial expressions are one of the most important parts inside the animation of a character in 3D, we are certain that every work done in order to get the character’s animation is important, all the parts together make a good character animation, however, the facial expressions reflects the emotions of a person. By just looking at his face, or even just the eyes, you may know how he’s feeling. The body movements may help emphasizing the action, but it could be not necessary for understanding it.
It hasn’t been an easy task, due to the complexity that the characters got when they are interacting with others. Nowadays, characters made by computer are very often, they aren’t just in the animated movies; they also appear other sections as videogames, so making every part as detailed as possible is crucial, due to the viewers may notice the slightly change in the character’s face.
The facial expression has always been studied by the animators, so they could improve it later on, and the two areas that always take part are the physiology and phycology. But depending on what kind of animation we are making, the expressions will be different, some will be more realistic and others more exaggerated. In this dissertation will go through the different kinds of animation and how they use the facial expression. We will go through the cartoonish and the realistic character animation, as well as the common techniques used in order to achieve the expected result.
2 Facial animation techniques
First of all, for getting a good facial expression, we have to model the character’s face, and there are two ways of doing it, the ones which are based on geometric manipulations and the based on image manipulations. Every style has its ...
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...delling is a way of parameterization which will allow achieving a more complex expression by articulating the muscles.
There are various muscles that have to be taking in count when modeling a face. There are the lower face muscles and the upper face muscles. As waters say in his research and it still though by many animators, he divides the face into 5 groups in the lower face which are: uppers and downers, those that contract horizontally, oblique muscles, the orbitals and sheet muscles. And those that may change the appearance of the expression which are in the upper face and are the eyebrows, the forehead and the upper and lower lids of the eyes.
There are three methods for getting a good muscle modelling: the spring mesh muscle, the vector muscle and the layered spring mesh muscle.
2.3.1 Spring mesh muscle
2.3.2 Vector muscle
2.3.3 layered spring mesh muscle
The world of animation of all varieties features characters that can be recognized to have feelings and emotions, even though they are objects which in the real world would merely be inanimate; The Brave Little Toaster, The Annoying Orange, Luxor Jr – these are all characters we watch and can relate to because they have been given feature that humans have.
Muscles that have been mention above have circled in the picture below. There are 24 types and locations of muscles have been circled in this figure. The blue circles are the primary muscles and the black circles are the secondary muscle used to worked and
This study is based on the premise that facial expressions are universal to all cultures. Paul Ekman, is the leading researcher in this field, and this article is based on his early work, designed to demonstrate the universal facial expressions that are used around the world. Originally, it was thought that facial expressions were based on culture but in earlier research some psychologists disagree with how the testing was conducted and the results, and stated that facial expressions were had a consistent meaning across all cultures. In the article, it stated that several years prior to the study conducted by Ekman, he conducted another study with another researcher named Wallace Friesen, where they showed photographs of all college educated people from five countries,
The face is the reserve of emotion. A smile implies happiness, a frown signifies anger or sadness, and a quick rolling of the eyes indicates someone is annoyed. What one is thinking or feeling can be clearly displayed in one’s facial expressions. Paul Ekman decided to study people’s facial expressions, down to the micro expressions that flash across the face and those are what give one away. He developed the facial action coding system (FACS) after many years of researching how people’s facial expressions reveal their inner emotions (Blink 204). He has even worked with Gottman and his “Love Lab” and the FACS has helped him to predict the longevity of certain relationships. While some people believe that their true feelings are not reflected by their facial expressions, they are unaware that a simple change in emotions is displayed on their face, revealing their true feelings. Emotions simply cannot be hidden, because they are clearly displayed on the face.
Facial expressions have been studied for years and continue to be studied now by researchers. From all the studying that has taken place on facial expressions, there have been two major viewpoints that have spawned. The first viewpoint is emotional expression, this viewpoint says that facial expressions are sporadic and come from raw emotions. The expressions only portray emotion and nothing more. The other is the behavioral ecology viewpoint; this states that the expression is not for just emotion, but the opposite. This viewpoint says that expressions are used or enhanced by the actions and expressions of those around you. This viewpoint states that it is more of a social behavior. I conducted a study that contained 10 observations of other people participating in regular actions. I waited and watched their facial expressions and what may have caused them. From this, I determined which viewpoint their facial expressions aligned with. I plan to compare the results and give some generalizations of my findings. I will also share any interesting things I may have found while observing the people. Then, I will conclude by stating my own personal opinion on the two viewpoints judging by what my results were and what I actually believe.
Have you ever looked and someone and you thought to yourself, “That person must be having a bad day.” or “Hey, you look really happy!” This happens on an everyday basis. So, what caused you to think this way? What is happening is you are reading their facial expression. These facial expressions are the muscles in our faces that are working together. Human faces are a main component to conveying a person’s emotional state. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless cues between people. There are always key points of the facial expression that would give away which emotion the human is feeling. For example, if someone is caught off guard, they may scream and their eyes may ...
Every expression could be a valuable key of the emotion that people may feel during the communication. Based on Goodenough and Tinker research cited by Ekman and Rosenberg (2005) claims that, “… people could consistently recognize emotion in the face” (p. 11). It means people can always read the information through the facial expression during the face-to-face interaction. Eyebrows, eyes, nose, cheeks, lips, and tongue are the face elements that can communicate the state of minds such as anger, happiness, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust and neutral emotions etc. The speaker's thoughts can be ascertained by looking at his or her facial expression. Although people commonly show congruence facial expression and content while interpreting emotions; however, some people may convey incongruent expression with their statements, and it would lead different comprehension. For instance, praising other with gleaming eyes or with harried eyebrows could stand for two different implications: One is a compliment said from the bottom of one’s heart, and the other is a kind of taunt. Two fine expressions can still make a great difference. Facial expressions carry meanings and that can impact on the
Any communication interaction involves two major components in terms of how people are perceived: verbal, or what words are spoken and nonverbal, the cues such as facial expressions, posture, verbal intonations, and other body gestures. Many people believe it is their words that convey the primary messages but it is really their nonverbal cues. The hypothesis for this research paper was: facial expressions directly impact how a person is perceived. A brief literature search confirmed this hypothesis.
While communicating with another human being, one only has to examine the other’s face in order to comprehend what is being said on a much deeper level. It is said that up to 55 percent of a message’s meaning can be derived from facial expression (Subramani, 2010). These facial manipulations allow thoughts to be expressed in ways that are often difficult to articulate verbally, with the face demonstrating “the thoughts of the mind, and the feelings of the heart” (Singla). Many expressions are said to universal, particularly those showing happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, and...
Grammar is the main function of facial expressions in ASL. Facial expressions cover a variety of facial and body movements, including moving eyebrows, eyes, mouth, head position, and shoulders. When signing it is imperative to use facial expressions in order to be grammatically correct.
Clothes can tell a lot of things about a persons`s personality, background and financial status, and the response of others. Clothing can also demonstrate their culture, mood, level of confidence, interests, age, authority, values. Gestures can be made with the hands, arms or body, and also with the head, face, eyes, for instance nodding and rolling the eyes. The importance of facial expressions is high, not professional nonverbal sign decoders, usual people, tend to check mostly somebodies face, because they don`t know which is the most honest part of the body, I will talk about this in detail later. Face has a lot of muscles, which are controlling mouth, lips, eyes, nose, forehead, jaw. Humans are capable to do more than 10.000 different facial expressions, for example happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust, shame, anguish, these are usually recognised by most of us, but there are also others which are not so frequently used and not so frequently noticed (Freitas-Magalhães, 2006). Negative emotions are seen on somebodies face when there is tension in the muscles: tightening of jaw muscles, furrowing of forehead, squinting eyes, or making the lips seemingly
Head motion is one of the important part of the facial animation. Previously, animation start by the developing head motion first and after that fill other details like lip synchronizing and other expressions.
Animations are a series of drawings, computer graphics, or photographs of objects, like puppets and models, which are different from each to create a variety of entertainment for the audiences. Animations are what brings excitement and mystery, hooking the audience in through interest. It is a form of some sort of “magic” where things that aren’t real but from the imagination comes to life in front of people who live these mundane, ordinary lives, adding color to the eyes and mind. The creators of such amazing arts and creation are animators.
Animation, like any other creative art, requires a successful animator to be: patient, talented, disciplined, and willing to work hard. Among the term animation are subcategories such as: character and effects. Character animation is the hardest, in that is requires the most skill. The animator must have a critical eye for every detail that goes into the final project. Character animation can also be broken up into its own subcategories such as: 2D, 3D, traditional, stop motion, and motion graphics. However, 2D and 3D are the most commonly pursued. Regardless if the project is generated by hand or by computer, the overall goal of the animator is to entertain. The animator must have both a clear concept of how to entertain the audience, and
In this chapter, it has shown a brief history of animation and how it started in the early days of animation. It also discussed about 2D in brief and 3D. Also the techniques applied in making of animation since early ages with the evolution of 2D to 3D animation.