1) Compare and contrast the energy systems used by yourself completing a run/swim/run event of 200m running, 50m swim and 200m running compared to an elite athlete competing in an ironman triathlon (3.8km swim, 180km cycle, 42km run) (2A) (20 marks)
200m run, 50m swim, 200m run
Lactic acid system, does not require oxygen, it is the dominant source of energy during high intensity activities lasting 30-60 seconds, (200m run) (50m swim). Lactic acid builds up when exercising at a high level and eventually results in fatigue. It is removed during recovery when adequate oxygen becomes available. Following the initial 10 -12 seconds of ATP energy system, PC (energy) stores are empty and need another energy system to supply the energy. The body needs to find an alternate fuel and the lactic acid system becomes the dominant supplier of ATP. This system involves the partial breakdown of glucose to form lactic acid in a number of chemical reactions know as glycolysis. The glucose for this process comes from either glucose stored in the blood or from the breakdown of glycogen in the liver or muscle.
3.8km swim, 180km cycle, 42km run
Aerobic System, the production of ATP requires oxygen, it is capable of creating the largest amounts of ATP. Carbohydrates and Fat can be used to fuel this system by special chemical reactions. Dominant source of ATP production during moderate intensity and prolonged exercise. The carbohydrates produces ATP faster than fat, thats why athletes eat lots of carbohydrates before the race, but we can only store enough carbs to fuel us for 2 hours. The respiratory and cardiovascular systems work together to provide oxygen to the working muscles.
Although both of these events rely on one energy system in particular, in theory, each energy system is working together, adding to the main system and helping replenish the energy stores.
Compare
Both systems use Carbohydrates as their fuel source. Carbohydrates come from foods such as pasta, potatoes and bread The carbohydrates are the first nutrient that is used to supply energy, followed by fat, then protein. Most people think that protein is the first nutrient to be used and that’s why people have lots of protein before an event, but in fact this weights your body down. Starch, Cellulose and Glycogen are all types of Carbohydrates that fuel the body. There are 2 types of Carbohydrates, Simple and Complex. Simple Carbohydrates are found in things such as milk fruit.
Oxygen + glucose → Carbon dioxide + water + energy (in the form of ATP)
Aerobic energy system is a type of energy system and we use it when we are exercising at a low intensity and this is when your body has finished using both our apt-pc system and lactic acid, therefore it lasts longer then both of them and it kicks off after lactic acid which about the 3 minutes into exercising.
It is the slowest working metabolic pathway for the production of energy in the body. This cycle, unlike the energy consumption in sprinting, allows the body to maintain its energy level during endurance activities. The citric acid cycle, or the Krebs cycle, allows humans to sustain long-term energy (long running) because it produces more energy than the other pathways. The Krebs cycle uses lots of enzymes, which reduce the amount of energy required for a chemical reaction. These enzymes help the body use less and create more energy. By using enzymes in the absence of more energy, the Krebs cycle is different from other metabolic pathways. Through the catabolism of fats, sugars, and proteins, an acetate is created and used in the citric acid cycle. The Krebs cycle converts NAD+ into NADH. These are then used by another system called the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to generate
All living organisms require energy. In order to obtain energy, cells within the organisms must go through the processes of cellular respiration and/or fermentation. The way in which “oxidation of glucose leads to ATP production” is emphasized in cellular respiration (Freeman et al., 2014).
Carbohydrates are the main source of the body’s energy. Most of the carbs people eat are converted into glucose sugar in the body. The cells can burn protein and fat for energy. It would use the glucose sugars to burn off first since it’s the most efficient energy source. Glycogen in the glucose from foods that is stored in the body. It’s stored in two places of the body, the liver and the muscles. Blood sugar glucose starts to dip and more energy is needed, the liver converts glycogen into glucose sugars. Then glucose would then be delivered by the bloodstream into the cells.
This study assessed heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse oximeter readings at rest and during exercise. The heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and oximetery measurements provide better insight into the inner workings of the human body. In using the results of the assessment, one can determine the affects that rest and exercise have on the cardiac system.
...l., 1987). In a study in which the participants performed sprint interval training (Bayati, 2011), there was an increase in maximal blood lactate from pre to post training, indicating greater capacity of anaerobic glycolysis. This increase was found coinciding with increased peak power, mean power, and total work . Sharp et al. (1986) reported an increase in blood lactate concentrations and total work performed during a 45-s maximal cycle sprint after eight
The absorptive state is the time during and right after eating a meal. The absorptive state lasts for four hours, during and after each meal. During this state glucose is the most important energy fuel. Amino acids and fats are used to form degraded protein, and small amounts are used to provide ATP. Metabolites are transformed to fat if they are not used for anabolism. Glucose is formed by the conversion of fructose and galactose, which are stored in the liver from the entrance of monosaccharides. Glucose is released into the blood, or converted to glycogen and fat. Some glucose enters the liver and is used for energy, and any that is not used will be stored in skeletal muscle as glycogen or in adipose cells as fat. Liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose cells use triglycerides as their primary energy source. Amino acid are also used by the liver to synthesize plasma proteins. Essentially all of the events that occur in the absorptive state are directed by insulin.
Our body needs energy to carry out its functions properly. This energy is synthesized from the food we eat. Our body breaks down the food we take in and then build up the required materials for a healthy functioning of our body. Glucose, a simple sugar or monosaccharide that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion, is a primary source of energy for living things. (Taber’s, 2005). Glucose gets absorbed from our intestines and distributed by the bloodstream to all of the cells in our body. If the supply of glucose is more than required, our body stores the excess amount of glucose as glycogen, a chain of glucose. If there is shortage in other hand, our body uses the stored...
There are three main energy systems that take part in an athlete’s sport. For a 400m sprinter, the athlete uses a minimum of all three of these energy systems but predominately the Lactic Acid system.
Glucose consumption in the tissues and glucose production are balanced when the body is at rest. At the start of exercising the energy the body gets quickly is from the anaerobic metabolism using mostly muscle glycogen...
Kinesiology is referring to the study of exercise science. Exercise science is a study of human movement from the point of view of the physical sciences. Kinesiology also know in physical education, athletic training, physical therapy, orthopedics, and physical medicine. In kinesiology we will learn about exercise physiology and biochemistry, biomechanics, motor learning and control, sport medicine, exercise sport and sport psychology. When we study about kinesiology we can know how to improve athlete performance by learning how to analyze the movements of the human body. This will also bring one step higher to athlete to achieve maximum level in performance and improve their skill in sport that they involved. Next, knowledge in kinesiology will enable athlete to perform with optimum safety, effectiveness, and efficiency.
When a person exercises the body uses either sugar or fatty acids as fuel to create energy. During the beginning of an exercise most of the sugar that is used as fuel comes from the bloodstream or the muscles. After about 15 minutes the fuel starts to come from the liver. When one exercises after 30 minutes the body receives energy from free fatty acids and glycogen gets stored resulting in a decrease in blood sugar levels. Glycogen is the sugar stored in the liver and muscles.
Aerobics is defined as a system of endurance exercises that promote cardiovascular fitness by producing and sustaining an elevated heart rate for a prolonged period of time, thereby pumping an increased amount of oxygen-rich blood to the muscles being used. In the world today a large number of U.S. citizens are over weight, you see them every where from school, to work, you see over weight people. In our fast pace world right now many people don’t have time to work out and if they do then they don’t fell like exercising. We have cities where governors dare the people to lose weight, and the most popular New Year’s resolution is to lose weight. . In this paper I will explain the benefits of aerobic exercise and why everyone should do some sort of exercising.