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Significance of religious diversity
Challenges of cross cultural management
Challenges of cross cultural management
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Evaluation of Journal Article
I. Introduction
The essay is about to evaluate the journal written by Coen Heijes and express my personal interpretation of the article. The essay was divided into five sections. First of all, I would briefly outline the topic of the article and introduce the findings made by the author. Secondly, I would analyze the theory and literature review by evaluating the main theoretical framework. Then research design and methods would be discussed, followed by the findings and conclusions given by the author. Finally, personal implications would be delivered.
In my opinion, take power dynamics into account while analyzing the perception across-cultural is a beneficial supplement to the dimensional approach which is limited in doing research on international management. Despite lacking of empirical research on relations between cross-cultural perception and power asymmetry in organizations, this paper could be a significant reference on further research.
II. Description of the paper being evaluated
In this paper, the author delivered a research about cross cultural perception and power dynamic across changing organizational and national contexts in Curacao and the Netherlands.
The essay is divided into seven parts. First of all, the author pointed out that more and more researchers found they should go beyond standard cultural dimensions of Hofstede when analyzing the national cultures because culture is not so much fixed, cohesive and systematic concept but more dynamic and co-created. Therefore, the author expanded on the interactions between culture and power and discussed the role of power and power differences in cross-cultural perception. Second, methodological triangulation was used al...
... middle of paper ...
...ice organizations in the IRS and the police in the Netherlands and Curaçao. The results of the research findings were just the reflection within the public services organizations and it cannot indicate that similar conclusions would be drawn up in business organizations. Besides, the study lacks some empirical data on the relation between cross-cultural perception and power asymmetry in organizations.
Furthermore, this study paper made me think about another case of the UK and HONG KONG, since the impact on the cross-cultural perception would be more complex not just considering the power dynamics and power imbalance due to the western social system background based on Chinese culture. In all, I benefited from the power dynamics influence study on cross-cultural perception and it would be a good learning example for me to carry out research in the future
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The first of the four dimension of Hofstede’s theory of national culture is power distance. Hofstede stated that, ‘the essential issue involved, to which different societies have found different solutions, is human inequality’ (1980; 92). An outstanding aspect of inequality is the amount of power each individual exercises or can apply over others with power being illustrated as the amount in which an individual is able to impact other individual’s thoughts and performance (Hofstede, 2015). Within societies, inequality in power is expected. This inequality in power is typically characterized in hierarchical employer-employee relationships. Power distance, is the degree that less powerful members of organizations inside a nation anticipate and
The aim of this paper is to explore and critically analysing two research articles. The critical analysis will explain the importance of the study, evaluate design and research method used in those articles. To identify any gaps it will provide the literature review in those researches and possibility for the new study. The project plan, for the possible research will be developed on a potential gaps and the essay will finish with the conclusion.
Torelli, Carlos J., and Shavitt, Sharon. "Culture And Concepts Of Power." Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology 99.4 (2010): 703-723. PsycARTICLES. Web. 30 Oct. 2013.
In society, it can be agreed that there are two main types of power, proximal relations of power and distal relations of power. Proximal relations of power deals within the personal relationships in society, whereas distal relations of power are related to society in a more abstract way that affects it as a
Moorhouse, A. (2005, November). International Management Organizational Behavior. Retrieved October 16, 2008, from University of California Berkley: http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~matran/Files/proKarenLeary.doc
At this point, with an understanding of what power is, what it means, how it is created and the various means through which it is expressed, one can begin to conceptualise how it is that power functions within a given society. Symbolic, cultural, social and economic capital distribute and perpetuate power within a society, through a cycle of transformation whereby these capital resources can be interchanged and manipulated to the advantage of individuals who have
When growing up in a traditional civilization and continuing education in a mainstream environment, one can notice the work of two opposing ways of life. If one could study a traditional identity closely, one may sometimes see a mainstream identity in most of that organization’s people. Usually, a culture is any group of individuals that share the same beliefs, philosophies, and customs; identity can be defined as the image and viewpoints that others see when they look at someone. When looking into someone’s traditional organization, one can easily see two opposing identities. Similarly, Robert Bellah explains the formation of identity in his essay “Community, Commitment, and Individuality” which shows how identity comes about. Traditional society places a moral authority over its subjects, while the mainstream society does not. Such power can be seen in the Old Chinese customs inside of Maxine Hong Kingston’s essay. Her essay “No Name Woman” discusses a story of a Chinese mother abusing her own power to teach her daughter a lesson in morality. Some people within a group are responsible for giving power and identity; power is the ability to have more influence inside a culture at the expense of someone else. In addition, Dean Barnlund argues that because both groups want to increase their own well being, their opposing identities must clash with one another. He talks about cultural behaviors in “Communication in a Global Village.” All of these authors provide key wisdom into such things as culture, identity, and power. Customs can sometimes become a problem. One discovers that it is mandatory that one must reexamine his own identity. Until then, many problems may surface when transitioning between two contradictory cultures. In o...
Everyone possess critical thinking skills but when it comes to criticize a journal article it can be difficult for the first time, one of the best ways to develop critical thinking and reading skills is to use some strategies when reading and evaluating a research study (Wood & Haber,1998). The following essay it is going to focus in a critique of a qualitative journal article by giving its strengths and weakness, critical appraisal it is going to be done with support from different references and frameworks relevant to a qualitative study.
Before, the three faced/dimensions of power are discussed it is important to know that the first face of power has a pluralist standpoint. Pluralistic views believe that political p...
Two competing theories describing structure of power - power elite and veto groups - can be used t...
The dimensions of culture came as a result of a research conducted by Greet Hofstede. The study investigated how culture in a workplace can be influenced by values of the people. In his view, culture is defined as the collective programming of the human brain that helps in distinguishing a group from another one. Moreover, the programming of the human mind influences the patterns, values and perspectives that define a certain community or nation. Hofstede developed a model of the national culture that is made of six dimensions. In addition to that, the cultural dimensions demonstrate the personal preferences on affairs that can be easily distinguished from that of individuals from another nation. Using the model, it is easy to identify systematic differences between the selected nations in terms of values (Hofstede). This paper discusses the cultural dimensions to compare the United States of America and China. The dimensions include Power Distance, Masculinity versus Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance Index, and Individualism versus collectivism, Indulgence versus Restraint and long-term orientation versus short term normative orientation.
As far back as history can be told mankind has struggled between balancing culture, power and politics. Many wars have been fought and many people have placed their lives on the line in order to stand up for what they believe in. The combinations of culture, power and politics have spilled over into the workplace. In today’s business environment individuals have much more to worry about than just completing their assigned tasks. Organizational culture, power and office politics influence day to day operations as well as govern the atmosphere within the organization. The amount of impact that power and politics have in the workplace, directly reflect the organization’s culture formally as well as informally.
Hofstede’s research present a static view of culture yet culture is dynamic. The model only offers a single cultural profile per country while country members and companies will often be subject to multiple, potentially conflicting, cultural currents. Despite these and other criticisms, Hofstede’s work, as stated, remains the dominant model for cross-cultural
Some of the business expert also suggested that cross- national differences are diminishing because the advancement of technology, including the day-to day activities of multinational corporations(Flora,Chiang&Birtch,Thomas,2006). This type of view point casts a doubt on how much of influence that national culture of a country wields on the multinational corporations especially in the management practices, and employee attitudes towards reward practices in particular. Geet Hofstede have distinguished national culture with four bi-polar dimensions: masculinity-feminity,individualism-collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance. Hofstede view that cultural – influence attributes of a nation do exist and these distinctions will provide and organization with further understanding on how work related values and behavior are different between cultures. In the reward- system area, Hofstede give a useful view into how employee needs and reward preferences are likely to be vary in different cultures(Flora,Chiang&Birtch,Thomas,2006). When a culture of a country score high on masculinity-femininity, this suggests there are divisions of roles and values between genders. Its shows that masculinity cultures are emphazing assertiveness, achievement and material success, an interest in acquiring huge sum of money for financial gain and achieving material success are highly desirable. The view is very different in feminine driven culture. In feminine driven culture human relationship are more value. Their culture is center more around concern for others, supporting each other’s and good quality of life. An example are financial and power oriented rewards will be more preferred in Hong Kong, China than in Finland; where relationship -and
Miroshnik, V. (2002). Culture and international management: a review' The Journal of Management Development 21(7): 521-544