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Calculus
"One of the greatest contributions to modern mathematics, science, and
engineering was the invention of calculus near the end of the 17th century,"
says The New Book of Popular Science. Without the invention of calculus, many
technological accomplishments, such as the landing on the moon, would have been
difficult.
The word "calculus" originated from the Latin word meaning pebble. This is
probably because people many years ago used pebbles to count and do arithmetic
problems.
The two people with an enormous contribution to the discovery of the
theorems of calculus were Sir Isaac Newton of England and Baron Gottfried
Wilhelm of Germany. They discovered these theorems during the 17th century
within a few years of each other.
Isaac Newton was considered one of the great physicists all time. He
applied calculus to his theories of motion and gravitational pull. He was able
to discover a function and describe mathematically the motion of all objects in
the universe.
Calculus was invented to help solve problems dealing with "changing or
varying" quantities. Calculus is considered "mathematics of change." There are
some basic or general parts of calculus. Some of these are functions,
derivative, antiderivatives, sequences, integral functions, and multivariate
calculus.
Some believe that calculus is too hard or impossible to learn without much
memorization but if you think that calculus is all memorizing then you will not
get the object of learning...
I sat across from Helen and watched as she got her packet while I got a single piece of paper. It only took one page to say “I’m sorry, but your writing was not selected.” Helen’s packet took multiple pages to reminder her parents to sign their permission for the publishing of her essay. Helen’s story got in and mind didn’t. In retrospect, mine didn’t deserve to get in. Why? In an overzealous state to write an epic, I took what was originally 2 pages and turned it into six pages of unnecessary details, overcomplicated world structure, and random vocabulary in a classic freshman attempt to sound intelligent. It didn’t work.
Culture Centers in Higher Education: Perspectives on Identity, Theory, and Practice is a powerful and enlightening book by Lori D. Patton. Patton is a higher education scholar who focuses on issues of race theories, African American experiences on college campuses, student development theories, campus environments, inclusion, and multicultural resources centers at higher education institutions. She has a variety of publications and was one of the first doctoral students to complete a dissertation that focused exclusively on Black culture centers entitled, “From Protest to Progress: An Examination of the Relevance, Relationships and Roles of Black Culture Centers.” In Campus Culture Centers in Higher Education Patton collaborates with many higher education scholars and faculty members to discuss various types of racial and ethnic culture centers in higher education, their overall effectiveness, relevance, and implications for improvement in relation to student retention and success. Diversity, inclusion and social justice have become prevalent issues on all college campuses, and this piece of literature gives a basic introduction for individuals unfamiliar with cultural resource centers. This book successfully highlights contributions of culture centers and suggestions for how centers can be reevaluated and structured more efficiently. For many faculty, administrators, and student affairs professionals unfamiliar with the missions and goals of culture centers, Patton’s text provides a concrete introduction and outline for the functionality of these resources and also offers recommendations and improvements for administrators managing multicultural centers.
Ball, Rouse. “Sir Isaac Newton.” A Short Account of the History of Mathematics. 4th ed. Print.
Sophocles wrote the classic tragedy Antigone in 496-406 BC this play dramatizes the conflict between self-morality versus human law by representing each conflict by two characters; Antigone and Creon. In this play Antigone decides to bury her brother Polyneices regardless of the king Creon’s decree. After Antigone is caught Creon decides that the punishment of death will be enforced. This sets of a chain reaction of conflicts between Antigone and Creon, both filled with pride and will. The chorus states that the gods vigorously punish the proud, yet punishment brings wisdom. ( )
It is the cornerstone of all other sciences. In daily life, we often have to make decisions, which require mathematical knowledge. Breakthroughs in all fields (Economics, Technology, Art, Music, Architecture, Engineering, Psychology, Sociology, Chemistry, Biology, Physics, etc.) have occurred as a result of mathematical thinking. Mathematical models make it possible to predict and prepare for climate and financial changes, as well as trends in energy consumption and production. Other applications of math include medical equipment, which can scan the entire body, Internet and database search engines which demonstrate near human intelligence, and cameras that can recognize human faces or even stitch multiple pictures together into one. Many companies today are successful entirely because they have mastery of the latest math. Math is a science that has existed for the last several thousand years. Its truth does not depend on opinion, fashion, or belief. It will continue to serve mankind for thousands of years to come. For all intents and purposes, the field of mathematics is
While this isn’t a perfect schedule, it shows what a day in my life can look like. Juggling clubs with academics and family time takes persistence, but it’s nothing I can’t handle. I’ve always had the problem of biting off more than I can chew, but I wouldn’t have it any other way.
During the entirety of my high school career, I have pushed myself to take on more challenging courses such as AP U.S. History, AP Chemistry, AP Literature, as well as AP Calculus. These classes have helped me to form study habits which will be applied in college when the workload and expectations grow even more. In addition, I have also formed a small study group with two other girls who are taking all of the same rigorous classes as me and we get together on a regular basis to study for tests or complete difficult homework assignments. As a group, we are constantly challenging one another to think deeper and problem solve, which has helped me in other areas of school and life in general. I strongly believe that this group will push me to
The participants in the derivatives markets are generally classified as hedgers and speculators. The hedgers use derivatives as main purpose to protect against adverse changes while speculators enter a derivative contract with attempt to profit from anticipated changes in market prices. One of the biggest questions in regard to the treatment of derivatives tools is whether actually they are used for hedging or speculation. (Adam and Fernando 2006)
It was the Ancient Greeks to first invent this field of mathematics and it has had drastic influences on the world today because without it many of the buildings and architecture around the world could not be built.One could find it hard to build without no mathics, if one doesn’t have the mathics involved with building a strong base for the military, It will not and can’t stand a blast from enemy fire.
Sir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest Physicist and Mathematician who has ever walked on planet earth.He is well-known for formulating the three laws of motion knowns as “Newton's laws of motion”, as well as the inventor of Calculus etc. Joseph Raphson was one of the greatest Mathematician known best for Raphson method which was published in 1690.It appeared that Isaac Newton had developed an identical formula known as the Newton's method that he wrote in 1671 but this method could not be published until 1736, roughly 50 years after Raphson's Analysis.Since they both developed their method's independently, the method is now known as Newton-Raphson method.
In this essay, the question “To what extent is ‘integration’ a policy exchange in contexts of superdiversity?” will be discussed and explored in detail.
The argument in this paper that even though the onus of the discovery of calculus lies with Isaac Newton, the credit goes to Leibniz for the simple fact that he was the one who published his works first. Appending to this is the fact that the calculus wars that ensue was merely and egotistic battle between humans succumbing to their bare primal instincts. To commence, a brief historical explanation must be given about both individuals prior to stating their cases.
...ocity. On the other hand, Leibniz had taken a geometrical approach, basing his discoveries on the work of previous thinkers like Fermat and Pascal. Though Newton had been the first to derive calculus as a mathematical approach, Leibniz was the first one to widely disseminate the concept throughout Europe. This was perhaps the most conclusive evidence that Newton and Leibniz were both independent developers of calculus. Newton’s timeline displays more evidence of inventing calculus because of his refusal to use theories or concepts to prove his answers, while Leibniz furthered other mathematician’s ideas to collaborate and bring together theorems for the application of calculus. The history of calculus developed as a result of sequential events, including many inventions and innovations, which led to forward thinking in the development of the mathematical system.
Ever wonder how scientists figure out how long it takes for the radiation from a nuclear weapon to decay? This dilemma can be solved by calculus, which helps determine the rate of decay of the radioactive material. Calculus can aid people in many everyday situations, such as deciding how much fencing is needed to encompass a designated area. Finding how gravity affects certain objects is how calculus aids people who study Physics. Mechanics find calculus useful to determine rates of flow of fluids in a car. Numerous developments in mathematics by Ancient Greeks to Europeans led to the discovery of integral calculus, which is still expanding. The first mathematicians came from Egypt, where they discovered the rule for the volume of a pyramid and approximation of the area of a circle. Later, Greeks made tremendous discoveries. Archimedes extended the method of inscribed and circumscribed figures by means of heuristic, which are rules that are specific to a given problem and can therefore help guide the search. These arguments involved parallel slices of figures and the laws of the lever, the idea of a surface as made up of lines. Finding areas and volumes of figures by using conic section (a circle, point, hyperbola, etc.) and weighing infinitely thin slices of figures, an idea used in integral calculus today was also a discovery of Archimedes. One of Archimedes's major crucial discoveries for integral calculus was a limit that allows the "slices" of a figure to be infinitely thin. Another Greek, Euclid, developed ideas supporting the theory of calculus, but the logic basis was not sustained since infinity and continuity weren't established yet (Boyer 47). His one mistake in finding a definite integral was that it is not found by the sums of an infinite number of points, lines, or surfaces but by the limit of an infinite sequence (Boyer 47). These early discoveries aided Newton and Leibniz in the development of calculus. In the 17th century, people from all over Europe made numerous mathematics discoveries in the integral calculus field. Johannes Kepler "anticipat(ed) results found… in the integral calculus" (Boyer 109) with his summations. For instance, in his Astronomia nova, he formed a summation similar to integral calculus dealing with sine and cosine. F. B. Cavalieri expanded on Johannes Kepler's work on measuring volumes. Also, he "investigate[d] areas under the curve" ("Calculus (mathematics)") with what he called "indivisible magnitudes.
Derivatives, also known as futures contracts, are financial instruments whose value is derived from an underlying asset (Sivy, 2013). They are bets between two parties with the payoff based on a future value of the asset and can be derived from fluctuating things such as interest rates, stock indexes, mortgages, or even the weather (Rickards, 2012). Warren Buffet comments that, “we view derivatives as time bombs, both for the parties that deal in them and the economic system”. I agree with his statement because derivatives are complex and unstable. There is no telling when they could explode causing another financial crisis.