Ethnic Conflicts: Anotated Bibliography

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Annotated Bibliography
Badru, P. (2010). Ethnic conflict and state formation in post-colonial Africa: A comparative study of ethnic genocide in the Congo, Liveria, Nigeria, and Rwanda-Burundi. Journal Of Third World Studies, 27(2), 149–169.
The research article is a comparative study of genocide in Congo and its surrounding countries. It described Africa’s economic woes, political instability and war as the characteristics that encompassed the 20th century. The author believed that these characteristics led to authoritarian rule. Without legitimate democracies, renegade leaders stilled the opposition with violence and presided over oppressive regimes. This research identifies the historical context from colonization to present day and the significance it had on the country’s rulers. The author is a professor of Sociology and Pan African Studies at the University of Louisville and has authored several books on the region.
Eric, M., Shouyu, C., & Qin, Z. li. (2010). Sustainable urbanization’s challenge in Democratic Republic of Congo. Journal of Sustainable …, 3(2), 242–254.
With Kinshasa serving as the example of The Democratic Republic of Congo, this article analyzed the challenge of sustainable urbanization. Analysts consider Congo’s urban areas slums and Kinshasa with its 10 million in population is a primary example of it. They also consider Congo’s lack of sustainability a primary concern. The problems consist of a lack of basic services and housing, transportations problems, insufficient income and food insecurity, security problems, pollution, solid waste, potable water, and an a weak power grid. This article complements the research relating to basic services corporations and NGOs can provide to assist...

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...y located in central Africa. It consists of approximately 75.5 million people and is ¼ the size of the United States (The World Fact Book). The nation has long suffered from politically instability and infrastructure sustainability. The nation has been in a proxy war with neighboring Rwanda.
Problem 1 –The Democratic Republic of Congo’s government is corrupt. Throughout the modern history of Congo political leaders have used oppression to silence opposition, outsourced its resources to other entities, and suppressed human rights.
Problem 2 – The Democratic Republic of Congo’s lacks the basic services to supports its infrastructure and sustainability. Currently Congo needs to attract multinational corporations and NGOs to assist in infrastructure and sustainability. Furthermore, Congo needs to invest in its civil servants to maintain any gains in civil services.

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