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Ethics issues in the accounting professions
Ethics issues in the accounting professions
Ethical issues of financial accounting
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Ethicality of Accounting Activities Worldcom was a telecommunications company that merged with MCI in 1997 and was renamed MCI Worldcom. Worldcom was the United States second largest long distance phone carrier, until the accounting scandal in 2002. In 2002, a lady named Cynthia Cooper found discrepancies in their accounting. Someone was cooking the books by moving money around and recording it in places it should not be. The main accounting activities involved in the Worldcom case are auditing. If it was not for Cynthia Cooper reading an article “Accounting for Anguish” that was written in the Fort Worth Weekly on May 16, 2002, about a former financial analyst with the company they would never have found the fraud that Worldcom was doing. After she read this article Glyn Smith suggested they do an internal audit immediately (Mintz & Morris, 2011). The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct is to keep CPA’s responsible for their actions they take. They need to be honest, have integrity, and stay objective. In the case of Worldcom, the CPA’s did not stay to the AICPA rules of conduct. The CEO or CFO did not let an accountant know what they were doing with the funds, and this made the accountants lie on their financial statements. This is why a business needs to be audited every few months, it helps to see if a company is following the rules and doing what they need to do. Using financial statements for a business will tell them what is coming in, if there is any money missing, and how much money the company is putting out. Financial statements will also prove if the business will stay afloat or will go bankrupt. Worldcom wanted to make more money and stay afloat so they cooked their books to make it look like they ... ... middle of paper ... ... unethical when he did not believe Cooper when she had the proof there was something wrong. He would rather ignore it than deal with it. Once she got a higher up boss involved he decided to do the ethical thing and deal with what was happening to the business. If it was not for her actions it could have been worse for the stakeholders who were investing their money into the business. When Cynthia Cooper decided to look into why Worldcom books were showing why two accounts disagreed on the amounts, I do not think she realized how big of a problem they had at the time. If every company had someone like Cynthia Cooper I do not think they would go bankrupt or cheat other stakeholders. References: Mintz, S. M., & Morris, R. E. (2011). Ethical obligations and decision making in accounting. (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. .
While the widely exposed and discussed trials of WorldCom's and Tyco's top executives were all over the media, one of the most interesting cases of securities fraud was happening without any public acknowledgement.
Throughout the past several years major corporate scandals have rocked the economy and hurt investor confidence. The largest bankruptcies in history have resulted from greedy executives that “cook the books” to gain the numbers they want. These scandals typically involve complex methods for misusing or misdirecting funds, overstating revenues, understating expenses, overstating the value of assets or underreporting of liabilities, sometimes with the cooperation of officials in other corporations (Medura 1-3). In response to the increasing number of scandals the US government amended the Sarbanes Oxley act of 2002 to mitigate these problems. Sarbanes Oxley has extensive regulations that hold the CEO and top executives responsible for the numbers they report but problems still occur. To ensure proper accounting standards have been used Sarbanes Oxley also requires that public companies be audited by accounting firms (Livingstone). The problem is that the accounting firms are also public companies that also have to look after their bottom line while still remaining objective with the corporations they audit. When an accounting firm is hired the company that hired them has the power in the relationship. When the company has the power they can bully the firm into doing what they tell them to do. The accounting firm then loses its objectivity and independence making their job ineffective and not accomplishing their goal of honest accounting (Gerard). Their have been 379 convictions of fraud to date, and 3 to 6 new cases opening per month. The problem has clearly not been solved (Ulinski).
MCI was later acquired by its competitor Verizon in 2006. First, I want to discuss the Internal Auditors in WorldCom. Cynthia Cooper was one of them; she was the vice president of internal audit department at WorldCom. Cynthia Cooper’s role in WorldCom accounting scandal as the whistleblower was extraordinary. As an internal auditor, her job is to provide assurance that the company’s risk management, governance and internal control processes are operating effectively. In 2002, Cynthia Cooper discovered the false line cost entries on the balance sheet, so she reported to the CFO but was treated with unfair criticism. Cynthia was rather disturbed by the way their company tried to cover up the truth, so she formed a team with her colleagues, they worked together often at night and in secret to investigate and uncovered the 3.8 billion dollars in fraud at WorldCom. At that time, this was the largest accounting fraud in the U.S. history. Through the whole incident, Cynthia remained independent from the corporation, the staff, and the management. When she was investigating the evidence, she still maintained an unbiased, questioning mind and objective view under tremendous
They contacted the CFO of Cendant Mr.Monaco and explained to him the “breathtaking fraud”. And it was Mr.Monaco who delivered this news to Cendant’s Chief Executive Henry R. Silverman. (WSJ) Those two men were the whistleblowers that brought Cendant to its knees. As mentioned in the sworn affidavits the managers explained what was happening at Cendant, they said that they were told to record millions of dollars of orders that never occurred and were told to do what was necessary in order to increase the income on the books and decrease the expanses. In their statements they named two people whom have been responsible for putting pressure on their employees and ordering the accounting irregularities, these two people were Cosmo Corigliano, the former chief financial officer of CUC, and Anne Pember, CUC 's former comptroller. (WSJ) Though it was known at the time that Walter Forbes the former CEO and Chairman of Cendant had some part in everything that was going on, it wasn’t until the new auditors came and started working that his true purpose and place in the fraud came out to the light of day. Forbes was the one that led the laissez-faire environment at the company. (CNNMoney) But even though this could be proven Forbes insisted that he was innocent and had no part in any of this till the day he was sentenced. After the news of this was announced Cendant was forced to restate their financial statements for the year 1997 and had to cut their earning for the year by over $100 million to around $115
...urvey of ethical behavior in the accounting profession. Journal of Accounting Research, 9 (2), pp. 287-306.
Rather than being sticklers for following GAAP accounting principles and internal controls, this company took unethical behavior to a whole new level. They lied when the truth would have been easier to tell. It is almost as if they had no comprehension that the meaning of the word ethics is “the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group (professional ethics); the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation”, (Mirriam-Webster, 2011). To be ethical all one has to do is follow laws, rules, regulations and your own internal moral compass, all things this company seemed to know nothing about.
Therefore, this could be the opportunity that Cooper could show her loyalty to WorldCom or take leadership by working with the upper management levels to fix the internal problem. According to Dr. Kant, the exchange of our sentiment is how we communicate. Dr. Kant also illuminated the importance of truth. Without truth, we would only exchange bad information, missed statements, straight out lies and our conversation has no purpose. At some point during the process of building and developing WorldCom, truth was absented from all levels of management. Cynthia Cooper is one of the managers at WorldCom; therefore, should have been more involved and aware of the current situation from the beginning. Thus, is doing the right thing is the right thing to do or is it ethical thing to do? For instance, by going public with the problem, which is the right thing to do, but is it ethical for many careers and lives to be ruining as the consequences of doing the right thing? Maybe Cooper should have considered the utilitarian approach when assessing this dilemma. Cooper should have compared the possible beneficial and negative outcomes of each action. She believed she was doing the honest act, but it ended up bankrupted the company and many lives were
Question: There is no question that Ms. Vinson acted unethically in the case but I believe that the central question is to what extent did she alone act unethically. In other words, how much she was influenced by her bosses and was there ever a point in which she should have taken matters into her own hands by quitting or putting an end to the fraud. Facts: The case study explains a situation of Betty Vinson, a women who started as a midlevel accountant at a small long-distance company. The company then grew up to be
"This is why the market keeps going down every day - investors don't know who to trust," said Brett Trueman, an accounting professor from the University of California-Berkeley's Haas School of Business. As these things come out, it just continues to build up"(CBS MarketWatch, Hancock). The memories of the Frauds at Enron and WorldCom still haunt many investors. There have been many accounting scandals in the United States history. The Enron and the WorldCom accounting fraud affected thousands of people and it caused many changes in the rules and regulation of the corporate world. There are many similarities and differences between the two scandals and many rules and regulations have been created in order to prevent frauds like these. Enron Scandal occurred before WorldCom and despite the devastating affect of the Enron Scandal, new rules and regulations were not created in time to prevent the WorldCom Scandal. Accounting scandals like these has changed the corporate world in many ways and people are more cautious about investing because their faith had been shaken by the devastating effects of these scandals. People lost everything they had and all their life-savings. When looking at the accounting scandals in depth, it is unbelievable how much to the extent the accounting standards were broken.
Bean, D. F., & Bernardi, R. A. (2005). Accounting ethics courses: a professional necessity, CPA Journal, 75(12), 64-65. Retrieved Jan 15, 2006, from Business Source Premier database.
In (Complaint 17588)we find that they were directly involved in a fraudulent improper accounting scheme. With the intent to manipulate said earnings to keep them on point with Wall Street's expectations as well as support WorldCom's stock price.
Later in 2003 another issue for the Boeing Company arose which was that documents that belonged to the Lockheed Martin were in the possession of the Boeing managers. This allowed Bowing to have an advantage of the defense contract with the federal. After this Boeing was stopped by Pentagon form bidding on any federal contracts for 20 months which caused CFO Michael Sears to be fired after this incident. After Michael Sears was fired and was put into jail for hiring officer Darleen Druyum, She had made a purchase ...
The aim of this paper is to provide the framework of the current professional accounting code of ethics. What are the ethics and how we define them? In this report we try to determine the main ethical principles that will establish the right and
Lyke, B and Jickling, M. (2002). WorldCom: The Accounting Scandal. CRS Report for Congress, p2.
Was it unethical practices, poor governmental regulations, or bad organizational behavior that lead Kozlowski to make the decisions that lead to the 2005 conviction? Vasile (2004) defined business ethics as “learning what is right and what is wrong and simply doing what is right” (p. 2). However, the actions attached to the decisions are not always as easily derived. In most instances, leaders are faced with making the decision as to what is...