Introduction
Advertising is often referred to as above the line expenditure, a term which is derived from the historical way where advertising expenditure was treated in marketing budgets. Main media expenditure was shown above the line because it represented actual expenditure, as opposed to sales promotion which was shown below the line because much of the cost of such items came from a reduction in revenue, e.g price cuts. Most advertisements run on behalf of a commercial organization will be placed by the agency, who buys the space and pay the media owners. The agency then receives a commission from the media owners, but charges the full cost to the advertiser (Robbin, 2003).
Advertisement as a promotion mix tool covers more than persuading the customers to buy something. It is also a means of trying to influence behaviour and beliefs. As a communication tool its objectives can fall into three categories:
Informing
Persuading
Reinforcing
Advertising is not perfect. In fact, it could be argued that it is one of the most frowned-upon of all professions. The reason it gets a bad reputation is because it is the perfect storm of: a great deal of wealth; a lot of seemingly shallow people; a focus on profit; selling things people don’t want; making bad products look good. The list is much greater, but those are the key reasons. Advertising employees are often thought of as heartless, soulless, slimy people who care more about money than they do about people. This may apply to 0.1% of the people in it, with most just trying to earn a good living in a fun and engaging profession (Robbin, 2003).
Faulu Kenya Limited was founded by Food for the Hungry International (FHI), a Christian relief organization, Loan scheme program that target...
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...ll be preferred since it will involve dividing of the population into homogenous subgroups then taking a sample in each subgroups this procedure will also be preferred because it will ensure that certain sub groups in the population are represented in the sample in proportion to their number in the population (Kombo and Tromp, 2006) the procedure will also be preferred since all the target population had an equal chance of being selected and inclusion of small groups which otherwise could have been omitted entirely by other sampling methods (Kothari, 2004) hence the researcher will use this sampling procedure to ensure both management levels are included in the study since the procedure classified the population first into homogenous groups and give each target population equal chance to be picked. The sample size to be picked will be 79% of the target population.
Advertising is so prominent in American culture, and even the world at large, that this media form becomes reflective of the values and expectations of the nation’s society at large.
“What We are to Advertisers” by James B. Twitchell is a short article that emphasize how advertisement attracts audience magically. From the quote, “ Mass production means mass marketing, and mass marketing means the creation of mass stereotypes” James points out of how the world appear to be. The advertisers seems to be psychologically abuse to the public for them to be successful in their industry. Base on the way the society act, dress and thinks, we fantasize something ridiculous and only our imagination can only make it close to a reality. With that in mind, the industry of advertisements will immediately think of a way to try and sell their product to us.
For most companies, advertising can be a costly affair. On the one hand, customers are getting more information about new products, goods and services. While, on the other hand, it has to be effective, noticeable and remembered long enough to make potential customers into actual ones.
Advertising is designed to foster a desire to purchase goods and services, yet it is much deeper than that—advertising is a system of effective manipulation that twists the mentalities of those subjected to it. It shapes people’s views of the world and warps their connections to each other. Therefore, advertising not only shapes their personal values but also distorts them until their principles no longer come from within them. Thus, in my opinion, advertising, unless deeply rooted in high ethical standards, destroys any concept of community, common morality or deep bonding.
Analysis of an Advertising Campaign We are swarmed by advertising. Companies constantly battle to compete for the sale of their product. Adverts appear in every form of media including radio; television; Internet; billboards; newspaper; flyers and magazines. The advertiser wants us to buy their product above their competitors. The basic aim of advertising is to convince the target audience that their product is the best in the field and superior to the other products of similarity.
Advertising is an effective and important tool for companies to bring awareness to their product. According to the Advertising Education Foundation, on average, a normal person is flooded with over 3,000 advertising messages a day (Boykin, n.d.). Advertising can be defined in multiple ways, one being that its main purpose is to solve problems without entertaining or potentially inspiring its audience. In some instances this definition may be appropriate; however, overall, I respectively disagree with this. Advertising is used to creatively persuade its consumers by using rhetorical strategies such as pathos, logos, and ethos.
13. Shimp, T., and Andrews, C., (2013), Advertising Promotion and Other Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications (9th Edn.), Cengage Learning: Mason.
It also includes examination of the theoretical and empirical studies in the field of advertising. Books, research papers, articles, reports, thesis etc. were systematically studied to develop the following review of literature. The review included extensive use of Proquest, Google scholar, Inflibnet and IIM- A library. The review of theoretical literature and empirical literature helped develop the below mentioned conceptual framework. This structure underlines the sequence of steps, which were undertaken for the review of literature. The first step was to understand the concept of advertising. The second step focused on understanding the effects of advertising. Scan of literature helped in identify the types of effects advertisements are known to create. The third step involved understanding the extent to which organisations are committing their resources to advertising. As logic dictates that measurement of effectiveness is more significant where the resources committed are more, the final step involved study of effectiveness measures.
Nowadays, advertisements are everywhere embedded in our daily life. They are powerful resources that inform people the latest news about a particular product or brand in many different ways. Most of the people are being able to get more information and detail of a product from media, radio stations, newspapers and internet. Even though advertising is a big informative source, it also can be considered as a marketing tool to control the mind and desires of the consumers to manipulate and persuade them to buy things they do not need.
Advertisements are pieces of art or literary work that are meant to make the viewer or reader associate to the activity or product represented on the advertisement. According to Kurtz and Dave (2010), in so doing, they aim at either increasing the demand of the product, to inform the consumer of the existence, or to differentiate that product from other existing one in the market. Therefore, the advertiser’s aim should at all times try as much as possible to stay relevant and to the point.
Nowadays, advertising is a very big business. Very often is the major means of competing among firms. Furthermore, supporters of advertising claim that it brings specific benefits for consumers.
Advertising techniques have changed and along with it, the impact they have on each individual’s mind. While there are some similarities between the different kinds of advertisements we see today, there are also many differences. Advertising has also become more unethical than it was in, let’s say, the 50s. Not all advertisements are brainless; there are a few that are even creative and fun and just pull the target audience in by entertaining them while selling them a product.
Advertising is an information source to inform people about the products and prices of the company, which can help them to make informed choices. More recently, a huge amount of money has been spent on advertising throughout the world. Different types of advertisement such as television, radio, magazine, newspaper, the internet, billboards and posters can influence consumer’s behavior positively or negatively as there are different arguments and opinions. This essay will focus on the purpose of the advertisement for the company, the positive and negative effects of the advertisement on consumer behavior. According to Shimp (2007), there are five important factors which determine the purpose of an advertisement in terms of marketers’ communication with consumers.
Advertising in business is a type of marketing communication used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate a customer to take or continue to take some action. The desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering.
Advertising has been defined as the most powerful, persuasive, and manipulative tool that firms have to control consumers all over the world. It is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. Its impacts created on the society throughout the years has been amazing, especially in this technology age. Influencing people’s habits, creating false needs, distorting the values and priorities of our society with sexism and feminism, advertising has become a poison snake ready to hunt his prey. However, on the other hand, advertising has had a positive effect as a help of the economy and society.