chromosome abnormality

1152 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis

When every child is born they are born with two sets of chromosomes. 23 chromosomes are from the mother and 23 chromosomes from the father, creating a total of 46 chromosomes for the child. But for some children born today, they are born with chromosome abnormalities. Chromosome abnormalities involve sex chromosomes and are gender specific (O’Neil). With today’s technology and past studies, we are able to determine chromosome abnormalities and the syndromes that are formed by these abnormalities. Chromosome abnormalities happen when there is something wrong in the cell division, two kinds of cell division is mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is the process where two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus split into identical cells, they undergo this change through four phases. These phases are called Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Meiosis is where the daughter cell has one half the numbers of chromosomes as the parent cells and involves the divisions of two cells and therefore produces four daughter cells. Meiosis undergoes the same phases as Mitosis but undergoes two times. “In both processes, the correct number of chromosomes is supposed to end up in the resulting cells. However, errors in cell division can result in cells with too few or too many copies of a chromosome. Errors can also occur when the chromosomes are being duplicated” (Genome). With chromosome abnormalities, there are many different types that can be categorized into two basic groups. The first group is numerical abnormalities which happen “when an individual is missing either a chromosome from a pair (monosomy) or has more than two chromosomes of a pair (trisomy)” (Genome). The second group is called structural abnormalities. “Structural abnormalities occur when the chromosomal morphology is altered due to an unusual location

Show More
Related

  • Genetic Disorders in Twins

    2026 Words  | 5 Pages

    Twin studies have been used to distinguish between genetic and environmental factors for many disorders in the general population including ectodermal dysplasia, Ellis-van Creveld, and anencephaly. This review focuses on genetic disorders affecting monozygotic, dizygotic, and conjoined twins to gain a better understanding of them. Many studies focus on twins because they have a nearly identical genome, which eliminates environmental factors. In case studies, the concordance rates in monozygotic twins have supported that certain disorders were caused by genetics and not the environment. The discordant values in twins will also be evaluated briefly. Twinning studies have also shown linkages between specific disorders and the genes responsible for them. Knowing the location of these genes allows patients to be treated quickly and efficiently. This paper will discuss the possible causes of twinning and the various methods of identifying abnormalities in twins. These methods also allow preventive measures against the rise of birth defects during prenatal development. Epigenetics in twins is also viewed through the perspective of effects on them. Treatments for genetic disorders in twins are reviewed, ranging from the restoration of malformed teeth to the separation of conjoined twins. Support groups for twins in treatment, and their families are also briefly reviewed.

    Read More

  • Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia

    758 Words  | 2 Pages

    Genetic disorders can be caused by many of the 46 chromosomes in human cells. This specific disorder is linked to a mutation in the long arm of the X, or 23rd chromosome. The mutation is recessive, meaning a normal X chromosome can hide it. Females have two X chromosomes allowing them to hide the mutated recessive one, making them a carrier of the gene, while males only have one X chromosome, meaning that they are unable to hide the mutation and they become effected by the disease. Therefore if a male carries the gene, he is affected because he has no way of dominating the recessive gene, but if a female carries it, she is only a carrier and has a 50/50 chance of passing it on to her baby. This may seem like a high probability however, only one in every fifty thousand male births will have this immunodeficiency disease.

    Read More

  • Letter to the Parents of Child with Prader-Willi Syndrome

    355 Words  | 1 Pages

    On a normal person, you have 23 pairs of chromosomes. In each pair, 1 gene comes from the mother, and 1 gene comes from the father. This is how things get passed down from parents to children (like eye color, height, skin tone etc...).

    Read More

  • Genetic Conditions: Turner's Syndrome

    807 Words  | 2 Pages

    Turner’s syndrome is a genetic conditions that affects the female’s sex chromosome. In (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001417/) Turner’s syndrome occurs when cells are missing all or part of an X chromosome. It’s common of the female patient to only have one X chromosome. Although, some individuals may have two X chromosomes but one is defective. It is thought that an estimated 1 out of 2000-2500 females suffer from this genetic condition worldwide but it’s usually females with this condition don’t survive their birth. Due to this abnormality, the genes that is defective “affect the growth and sexual development of the female” (http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/turner/). However other disabilities and delays do occur even though these traits can vary case by case.

    Read More

  • Turner's Syndrome

    949 Words  | 2 Pages

    Turner’s Syndrome, which is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities, is defined as “a syndrome with a chromosome count of 45 and only one X chromosome.” Turner’s was first described in 1938. Henry Turner, an endocrinologist from Oklahoma City, was the first to discover this syndrome. He was curious about why seven of his female patients, six adolescents and one adult, who he was treating for dwarfism and lack of development, were not responding to the treatments. He described the women as not matured, with short necks and low hairlines in the back, and an increased angle at which the elbow was bent. After many tests, the results showed that all of the women were missing an X chromosome.

    Read More

  • Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis

    493 Words  | 1 Pages

    chromosome is called a haploid cell. Meioses produces haploid daughter. cells that are genetically different from each other and from the parent cell. However, mitosis is a form of cell division that produces. daughter cells identical to the parent during repair or growth.

    Read More

  • Meiosis Essay

    1143 Words  | 3 Pages

    . Other mistakes that can occur during meiosis include translocation, within which a part of one chromosome becomes connected to another, and deletion, in which part of one chromosome is lost entirely. The severity of the results of those disorders depends entirely on the dimensions of the chromosome fragment concerned and, therefore, the genetic data contained in it. Modern technology will find these genetic abnormalities early within the development of the foetus, however at the moment, very little will be done to correct or perhaps treat the diseases ensuing from

    Read More

  • Down Syndrome Essay

    822 Words  | 2 Pages

    Most cases of Down syndrome are not inherited. When the condition is caused by trisomy 21, the chromosomal abnormality occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells in a parent. The abnormality usually occurs in egg cells, but it occasionally occurs in sperm cells. An error in cell division called nondisjunction results in a reproductive cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes. For example, an egg or sperm cell may gain an extra copy of chromosome 21. If one of these atypical reproductive cells contributes to the genetic makeup of a child, the child will have an extra chromosome 21 in each of the body's cells.

    Read More

  • Nuclear Division

    911 Words  | 2 Pages

    A Karyotype is when you cut out individual chromosomes from a picture and rearrange them. There are matching pairs of chromosomes these are called homologous pairs. Each pair is given a number. One of each pair came from the mother and one of each pair came from the father. The pairs can be distinguished as each pair has a distinctive banding pattern when stained. There are two sex chromosomes and the rest are called autosomes. In most karyotype the sex cells are kept to one side so that the sex can be seen easily. In females they have two X chromosomes and in the males they have an X and a Y chromosome. The Y chromosome has a portion missing and is therefore smaller then the X chromosome.

    Read More

  • Turner syndrome

    1109 Words  | 3 Pages

    He published a comprehensive medical description of the syndrome. It was not until 1959, that it became clear the syndrome was due to lack of sex chromosome material. Turner's Syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder that affects one in approximately 2,500 females. Females normally have two X-chromosomes. However, in those with Turner's Syndrome, one X chromosome is absent or is damaged.

    Read More

  • Cell Division Essay

    865 Words  | 2 Pages

    The process of cell division plays a very important role in the everyday life of human beings as well as all living organisms. If we did not have cell division, all living organisms would cease to reproduce and eventually perish because of it. Within cell division, there are some key roles that are known as nuclear division and cytokinesis. There are two types within nuclear division. Those two types being mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis and meiosis play a very important role in the everyday life as well. Mitosis is the asexual reproduction in which two cells divide in two in order to make duplicate cells. The cells have an equal number of chromosomes which will result in diploid cells. Mitosis is genetically identical and occurs in all living

    Read More

  • genetic mutations

    1467 Words  | 3 Pages

    A genetic mutation is a permanent change in the sequence of the DNA that makes up a gene. A mutation of these sorts can be caused by either inheritance from the parent or caused sometime during the life of someone. The mutation that has been inherited is called a germline mutation. Germline mutations affect virtually the entire body, and they seem to be present in every cell. A somatic mutation, or one that is caused in the DNA of a single cell sometime during the life, can be caused by an environmental factor or a wrong bonding in the DNA molecule. These cannot be passed down to the next generation of children because they occur in a specific cell as opposed to in a reproductive cell. Some mutations occur in the embryo as it is growing. These may occur during cell division, and some of the cells may or may not inherit this mutation. Some mutations are extremely rare, and others are incredibly common. Those that occur in more than one percent across a population are considered polymorphisms. Polymorphisms are considered normal variations in DNA, and they are known to cause simple changes such as variations in blood types and hair color. Although these are not typically fatal, they can influence the creation of some disorders (Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, USA.gov, 2013).

    Read More

  • Meiosis

    458 Words  | 1 Pages

    Meiosis is a special type of cell division that occurs during formation of sperm and egg cells and gives them the correct number of chromosomes. Since a sperm and egg unite during fertilization, each must have only half the number of chromosomes other body cells have. Otherwise, the fertilized cell would have too many.

    Read More

  • Sex Determination and Differentiation

    656 Words  | 2 Pages

    Sex determination is decided by the 23rd pair of chromosomes commonly known as the sex chromosomes. Males have XY as their 23rd pair and females have XX. A female gamete, the ovum, can only receive only the X chromosome and the male gamete, the spermatozoon can receive either the X or the Y chromosome when meiosis occurs. Therefore the male sperm is responsible for the sex determination of the baby.

    Read More

  • Genetics, Child Growth and Development

    854 Words  | 2 Pages

    ...omosomes or genetic/chromosomal disorders. The most common type of genetic or chromosomal disorder is Down Syndrome or trisomy 21 (Cherry, n.d.). The condition occurs when a child has three chromosomes at the site of the twenty-first chromosome rather than the normal two. Some of the most common signs of Down Syndrome include round face, thick tongue, slanted eyes, hearing problems, heart defects, and intellectual impairment.

    Read More

More about chromosome abnormality

Open Document