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Aristotle on tragedy and comedy
Aristotle on tragedy and comedy
Aristotle on tragedy and comedy
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Recommended: Aristotle on tragedy and comedy
To Deconstruct Comedy
Following Aristotle, writers and reviewers have elaborated on the short exposition of The Poetics taking different approaches. For Aristotle, a comedy has these features: it is the performance of a low level action which has magnitude; it is presented in a dramatic manner and is not narrated; it is presented by indicative language and different kinds of linguistic in the various parts of plot (Golden, 1984, p. 288). Regardless of these statements, Prescott (1929) suggests:
Aristotle represented ἄγνιοα the basis of the tragic plot… Similarly the commentary of Donatus explains the plot of comedy as depending upon mental error… [but] The only striking divergence is the absence of περιπέτεια in the technical terminology of the commentary; a reversal of action… It may of course be objected that if such a theory is rightly reconstructed from the scattered comments it may well be only a transference to comedy… history of literary criticism in ancient times often illustrates the way in which a theory, applicable to one literary type or period, is unwisely extended to cover another type or period. So, for instance, a plausible theory that described Old Comedy… unwisely extended to New Comedy... (p. 40)
The issues highlighted by Prescott in fact emphasize that each group of artistic pieces in any historical period can be analyzed, accurately, by examining their contemporary epistemic or aesthetical discourses. This fact is debated by Heath in Aristotelian Comedy as he argues that the contents of comedy should be turned from the ethical norms of routine social conventions. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between the universal ethics in Aristotelian sense of a comic plot, and universal ethics if such a thing...
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...theory of comedy’, The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 327-332, Wiley.
Prescott, Henry W. (1929). ‘The comedy of errors’, Classical Philology, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 32-41, The University of Chicago Press.
Scruggs, Charles. (2004). ‘“The Power of Blackness”: Film noir and its critics’, American Literary History, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 675-687. Oxford University Press.
Solomon, Stanley J. (1974).‘Film study and genre courses’, College Composition and Communication, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 277-283.National Council of Teachers of English.
Warshow, Paul. (1977). ‘More is less: Comedy and sound’, Film Quarterly, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 38-45, University of California Press.
Williams, Robert I. (1988). ‘Perceptual play and teaching the aesthetics of comedy: A Paradigm’, Journal of Aesthetic Education, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 15-33, University of Illinois Press.
Braudy, Leo and Marshall Cohen, eds. Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings, Fifth Edition. New York: Oxford UP, 1999.
Aside from all the prodigious number of Greek tragedies in history, stands a collection of Greek comedies which serve as humorous relief from the powerful overtone of the tragedy. These comedies were meant to ease the severity and seriousness sometimes associated with the Greek society. The ideas portrayed in the comedies, compared to the tragedies, were ridiculously far-fetched; however, although abnormal, these views are certainly worthy of attention. Throughout his comedy, The Clouds, Aristophanes, along with his frequent use of toilet humor, ridicules aspects of Greek culture when he destroys tradition by denouncing the importance of the gods' influence on the actions of mortals, and he unknowingly parallels Greek society with today's. Aristophanes also defiantly misrepresents an icon like Socrates as comical, atheistic, and consumed by ideas of self interest, which is contradictory to the Socrates seen in Plato's Apology or Phaedo.
This production embraced more than just Greek and Elizabethan conventions, also incorporating elements of French Neoclassical comedy. It also demonstrated the survival of many elements of comedy, farce, and satire such as character types, repetition, derision, verbal wit, and slapstick. The production did not adhere to only one theatrical age, but it combined conventions from Greek, Elizabethan, and French Neoclassical
Friedman, L., Desser, D., Kozloff, S., Nichimson, M., & Prince, S. (2014). An introduction to film genres. New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company.
Aristophanes uses each play to reveal certain issues that he felt should have been dealt with. His plays featured satire, farces, and even comical dialogue. His plays were written with clarity and were quite lyrical. Using plays as vessels for opinion is defined best by saying that “The remarkable freedom of Athenian comedy allowed frank, even brutal, commentary in current issues and personalities,” (Hunt.et.al., pg. 101). The Clouds, Lysistrata, and The Acharnians were all used to attack problems that were prevalent during the time of Aristophanes.
Introduction," from Braudy, Leo and Cohen, Marshall, eds. Film Theory and Criticism 5th. ed. (New York : Oxford University Press,1999)
The differences of these two plays, gives one a sense that any general idea can be broken into a distinct one and not sway away from its intended idea. This means, a comedy can be made into a tragedy, romance, and other themes, and yet still maintain the purpose of providing laughter to the audience. This shows the development of literature over the years, as many more subcategories result because of the contrasts.
Bell, Robert. “The Anatomy of Folly in Shakespeare’s Henriad.” Humor: International Journal of Humor Research 14. 2 (2001): 181-201. Print.
Gunning, Tom 2000, “The Cinema of Attraction: Early film, its spectator, and the avant-garde.” Film and theory: An anthology, Robert Stam & Toby Miller, Blackwell, pp 229-235.
The play was considered comic by the ancient Athenians because of its rhyming lyricism, its song and dance, its bawdy puns, but most of all because the notion and methods of female empowerment conceived in the play were perfectly ridiculous. Yet, as is the case in a number of Aristophanes’ plays, he has presented an intricate vision of genuine human crisis. In true, comic form Aristophanes superficially resolves the play’s conflicts celebrating the absurdity of dramatic communication. It is these loose threads that are most rife with tragedy for modern reader. By exploring an ancient perspective on female domesticity, male political and military power, rape, and efforts to maintain the integrity of the female body, we can liberate our modern dialogue.
He does this by painting several characters in greater detail than would be accomplished with drama alone. Also affected by this utilization of humor is the development of central themes and their presentation to the audience. Finally, his humor lets us gain a glimpse into the mind of the great playwright that would not be possible
Muir, Kenneth. "Comedic Relief." Bloom's Guides. Ed. Jaynce Marson. Broomall: Chelsea House, 2004. 46-47. Print.
...s fully developed in the pieces we considered from Thurber and Keillor, but leaves its mark on Benchley and Barry’s work. With each of these two authors, we get the sense that there is some relief to be found in identifying with the object of humor and continuing to laugh, a possibility not allowed for by Bergson. Clearly, “Laughter” is a thorough work, covering most aspects of humor in meticulous detail. It is not, however, comprehensive, and as we originally stated, it fails at times to make the crucial distinction between relief and superiority as motivations for laughter. Of course, either way we’re laughing, so one wonders whether it’s really worth all the bother of ascertaining precisely why. Bergson evidently found it worth the trouble, and with some exceptions, his treatise on the subject continues to provide illumination for the modern reader of humor.
John Gibbs and Douglas Pye (2005) Style and meaning : studies in the detailed analysis of film. Engalnd: Manchester University Press, pp 42-52.
Barsam, Richard., and Dave Monahan. Looking at Movies: An Introduction to Film. New York: W. W. Norton, 2010. Print.