Zika virus arrived in the United States last summer first reports in Brownsville, Texas and Miami, Florida. Causes birth defects on newborn baby’s that were born to some infected pregnant women. Baby’s are usually born with undeveloped heads and brain damage. Linked to Guillain-Barre syndrome, a condition where the immune system attacks the nerves. Mostly passed through mosquitos but can also be sexually transmitted. CDC advises pregnant women to postpone trips to south America Florida, South Texas or Mexico as this is where the disease mostly comes from. It was first identified in Uruguay in 1947. Transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, the same type of mosquito that carries dengue fever, yellow fever, and chikungunya virus. Mosquitoes bite an infected
153 deaths have been associated with Chikungunya in the western hemisphere, stated by (Harvey, 2015). Mosquito-borne illnesses including Chikungunya has been prevalent in the Caribbean areas and is continuously spreading worldwide. Mosquito-borne diseases are virus that can only be transmitted through mosquitoes, which the virus can only be transmitted through a bite. Jamaica has encountered several mosquito-borne illnesses including Chikungunya, Malaria, and dengue. The name “chikungunya” is derived from a word in the Kimakonde language meaning “to become contorted” and describes the stooped appearance of sufferers with joint pain (Harvey, 2015). The virus has frequently been mistaken for dengue due to the similar signs and symptoms such as headache and joint pain. Joint pain, fever and vomiting are possible effects of Chikungunya in Jamaica.
The Measles starts with a fever, runny nose, cough, red eyes, and sore throat. It is then followed by a rash that spreads over the body, starting first on the face along the hairline. The infectious period of measles is 4 days before rash onset through 4 days after rash onset. The measles are a highly contagious virus that lives in the nose and throat mucus and spreads through the air through coughing and sneezing. (WHO, 2016). The measles virus can remain airborne for up to an hour after the infected person has left the area. The measles are so contagious that if one person has it, 90% of the unvaccinated people close to them will become infected. Rarely can the virus be deadly. The incubation period for
Now, Im going to focus on voting and Zika. First, Fair Vote, a company that leads the fight for electoral reform in the U.S., points out: "The right to vote is the foundation of any (system or country where leaders are chosen by votes). Yet most Americans do not (understand/make real/achieve) that we do not have an (in a way that agrees with or is related to the Constitution) protected right to vote. While there are changes to the U.S. Constitution that prohibit (unfair treatment based on skin color, age, etc.) based on race (15th), sex (19th) and age (26th), no
You wouldn’t think the carrier of this disease would come from a little mosquito bite but it does.
Mosquitoes, fever and even death may be some of the things that come to mind when we're asked to think about West Nile Virus. Many of us would consider mosquitoes a small trade-off for what the summertime provides, but what if there were more at risk than a bump above your skin and an itch? In a not so distant past West Nile Virus ascended into news broadcasts all throughout the country and alarming it's residents. Today however, that all seems to be an afterthought. The intentions today are to cover the first found cases of West Nile Virus, the symptoms of West Nile Virus, and finally West Nile Virus' impact on the United States. Through the research here, the hope is that we can all have a better understanding of how West Nile Virus works.
The West Nile Virus first came to the U.S. public's attention following an outbreak in New York in August 1999 where eight patients has contracted ecephalitis from the virus. In the following four years the virus spread to almost all 48 contiguous states. In the United States cases were initially infrequent until 2002, when a massive outbreak occurred in the Mississippi River basin during August and September. As it has spread through the country, nearly 8,500 people have been diagnosed with the virus, which has lead to 189 deaths. The emergence of the new disease has been followed closely by the media and the government. Many areas that have experienced significant outbreaks of the Virus have occured have implem...
The article is about how the Zika virus has reached Ontario from the first time. A Canadian citizen travelling back from Columbia brought it over and has now been in contact with their health care providers. This is not the first time the virus has come into Canada there has been a few cases in Alberta, B.C. and Quebec. It is unlikely that many Canadians will be infected with the virus, but knowing that this dangerous virus has crossed our border has many worried.
Through his book, he explained the connection between public health and medicine using disease epidemiology. Even though Zika emerged as a new threat, there was an epidemiological surveillance being conducted since its first discovery in 1947 (McNeil, p.17). Thus, both medicine and public health based their search for solutions on this
The polio virus which causes poliomyelitis in humans is an enterovirus which belongs to the picornavirus (small, RNA) family. Polio virus is rapid, acid-resistant, stable, highly tissue specific and consists of a single-stranded, positive RNA. Polio virus is able to reside in the throat or intestinal tract of humans. Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious infectious disease which has three strains, poliovirus 1 (PV1), PV2 and PV3. Polio virus, although rare in developed countries, can be found in many under-developed countries due to the uncommonness of vaccinations there. Polio is known as a disease of development. The oldest known record of polio is in an Egyptian stone engraving of a young priest from 1350 B.C. with a withered leg, characteristic of a polio survivor. Loeffler and Frosch were the first individuals to see polio in 1898. The largest US epidemic was in 1916 in New York City.
A consulting physician on November 3, 2002 suspected Measles on these 3 infants. All three infants shared the same room in the same daycare center. The Alabama Department of Public Health confirmed Measles in these infants. From the same day care center ADPH identified two more cases of Measles, 9 months old and a 10 months old infant. They also shared the same room in a day care center. Initially 9 months old infant was hospitalized during October 19-23 and diagnosed with dengue fever. Later the child was reclassified as unknown origin fever. Before departure from USA to Philippines the infant had been administered immunoglobulin. Eventually in all five infants Measles was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay testing. (CDC,
There is a chance that Zika virus could become established in North American wildlife because of the rapid increase in the two invasive species of mosquito, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which are mainly accountable for the spread of zika virus in the Americas. However, Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly and other severe brain defects. Also, A pregnant woman can pass Zika to her fetus during pregnancy or around the time of birth. Additionally, a person with Zika can pass it to his or her sex partners. People who have traveled to or live in places with Zika should be encouraged to protect themselves by preventing mosquito bites and sexual transmission of Zika.
The four year wait for the summer Olympics is finally over. The athletes and spectators are all ready to head to Brazil. The only thing that seems to be in the way is the recent outbreak of the zika virus. This virus seems to being running rampant throughout many of the South American countries including Brazil. The effects and spread of the virus is a concern for the athletes, spectators, and many others. The question raised by many is how to handle this situation with the Olympics only a few months away. The athletes have been training so hard over the last few years to get to this point and do not have any idea of the games will go on as scheduled. Also those who have made plans to go watch the Olympics now have to think and be cautious
About three years ago, the Zika epidemic ethically challenged women in different nations. According to the World Health Organization, the outbreak of this virus was announced as a global health emergency. It was noted that the cause of the virus cause birth defects, which the birth of a child to a mother can result to microcephaly. Health officials and government took quick action, which led to a debate on what women should do to prevent the defect from occurring. They established to make choices for women, in hopes for the best, taking control over their reproductive rights.
So many babies are born day, many of them have problems, but some can be prevented. Every year in the United States over more than 120,000 babies are born with a birth defect. A birth defect is a physical or biochemical abnormality that is present at birth. Birth defects not only affects the baby, but every single person who is involved in that baby's life. From being the mother, father, and even the doctor themselves. A doctor will have to be there for the baby for the beginning or even the rest of his/hers life. It all depends on what kind of birth defect that child has. There are over thousands different kinds of birth defects. Birth defects can affect every single part of a baby's body from head to toe. Some defects can be determined before the baby is actually born. If a baby is missing a limb or has a cleft palate you're
The information in this experiment supports the premise that alcohol can cause birth defects or premature death. In the introduction it was questioned if alcohol would produce similar physical deformities as seen in humans. The data supports that alcohol can cause facial deformities as seen in humans.