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Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine
Cultural diversity in healthcare one page comparison of cultures
Cultural diversity in healthcare one page comparison of cultures
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Recommended: Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine
Yoruba Cultural Influences Affecting Health Care
Mariatou Betts
Hennepin Technical College
Author Note
This Paper was prepared for Writing for Health Care taught by instructor Teresa
Yoruba Cultural influence Affecting Western Health Care
There is a large population of the Yoruba culture living in Minnesota, and they have their own association, and church as well. It is very likely that health care workers in Minnesota and within the United States will run into a Yoruba person that strongly disagrees with western medicine; and that is the reason why it is very important for health care workers to be aware about the existence of this Yoruba people and their culture in Minnesota, and in the United States (Minnesota
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The rural Yoruba people believes that anyone that dies in their communities must have died at the hands of the evil spirit. The Yoruba’s have powerful spirits that they believe in. When a Yoruba woman is due for child birth, she would called a traditional high priest to come and perform some rituals to help the pregnant woman have a safe delivery. When a traditional Yoruba person falls sick, he or she always go to the spiritual priest to find out what is happening to that person. After they have gone to meet the spiritual priest, they would be given some answers or result on what the person was suffering from or the cause of the illness. Even though their maybe hospitals around them, the typical Yoruba traditional person would rather go to their ‘’Baba Lawo’’ which means the traditional doctor who they think has the power to heal the sick. The Traditional Yoruba’s don’t believe in western medicine. They sometimes think that the administration of western medicine would kill their sick family member or loved one instead of healing.
Yoruba’s History and Culture in Nigeria
The Yoruba people obtained numerous weapon from Portuguese traders (“Yoruba People,” 2010). Despite access to weapon, they were not able to defend their territory from the Fulani, and were displaced from their home (Yoruba People, 2010).
In the late 1800s, the Yoruba’s formed a treaty with the Fulani and in 1901 they
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Those Yoruba’s who have traveled out of their culture to different parts of the world happen to be the ones among them who believe in western medicine. Furthermore, they traditional Rural Yoruba’s do not actually trust the western medicine. In the rural parts of the Yoruba culture, western medicine is seen as a challenge to gods, and also a threat to their culture. The Traditional rural Yoruba’s don’t believe that any other medicine can cure any sickness that their traditional medicine could not cure. Which makes them to see the western medicine intimidating. The Yoruba’s are the main ethnic group in the states of Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, and Oyo, which are subdivisions of Nigeria; they also constitute a sizable proportion of Kwara and Kogi States as well as Edo State (Yoruba People, 2010).
The historical relationship between the Yoruba’s and Western medicine
The Rural Yoruba’s, have this memory of the western medicine being the cause of unwanted or premature deaths of their people. The Yoruba’s have always believed that they lived longer and healthier before the western medicine came into use. And there after some of their people who started using this western medicine started dyeing and developing a lot of unknown diseases. As a result of that they rural Yoruba’s do not agree with western medicine.
How medical professionals are viewed
pp. 41-84. Pine Forge Press, Thousand Oaks, Calif. Pigg, Stacy Leigh. (1997) "Found in Most Traditional Societies: Traditional Medical Practitioners between Culture and Development.”
The influence of a supernatural god and the spirit world influenced every aspect of the Indigenous African community including health and healing, thus a holistic approach to health and healing was essential.
Yoruba means a to a group of cultures connected by a common language. The origin of the Yoruba religion and people, is in the South-Western part of Nigeria (Metalgaia). The Yoruba beliefs mainly focus on self-exploration, finding your destiny, interacting with sprits, and most important of all getting yourself right with the almighty creator Olodumare (Metalgaia). In the beginning of the 16th century, the slave trade became prominent in Africa. Thousands of the Yoruba people were being sent as slaves to the Caribbean and America.
Through showing the different definitions of health, the authors explain how those different understandings affect patterns of behavior on health depend on different cultures. In addition, an analysis of the models of health demonstrates even western medical approaches to health have different cognitions, same as the Indigenous health beliefs. The most remarkable aspect is a balance, a corresponding core element in most cultures which is an important consideration in Indigenous health as well. From an Indigenous perspective, health is considered as being linked, and keeping the connection is a priority to preserve their health. Consequently, health is a very much culturally determined. Health practitioners should anticipate and respect the cultural differences when they encounter a patient from various cultures. In particular, this article is good to understand why the Indigenous health beliefs are not that different than western medicine views using appropriate examples and comparative composition, even though the implementation the authors indicated is a bit abstract, not
The reader gets a rare and exotic understanding of a totally foreign and ancient culture experiencing the growing pains of colonial expansion during the British domination of Nigeria in the late 1800's.
The majority of the Yoruba people live on the west coast of Africa in Nigeria, but can also be found in many other places, as they are one of the largest cultural classifications in Africa. There are approximately 40 million Yoruba world-wide. As a matter of fact, most of the slaves brought to America were Yoruban, and descendants of their tribes can be found everywhere, including Europe, Brazil, Cuba, and the Caribbean. The Yoruba have been constructing and thriving in sophisticated urban kingdoms for more than 1,500 years, and have produced extraordinary art work since the 5th century BC.
A lot of cultures in history and today believe that there is a spirit world linked with the living world and when one dies, the spirit of that individual will enter the spirit world. Some cultures have created objects for spirits to inhabit and treat them with great care so there is balance within both the spirit world and the living: the cycle of bringing tribute to these items gives while the spirits will return the favor. Without these objects, the death of person will not truly be honored in the group or even neglecting spirits will cause problems within the group as well.
There is a strong Igbo belief that the spirits of one's ancestors keep a constant watch over you. The living show appreciation for the dead and pray to them for future well being. It is against tribal law to speak badly of a spirit. Those ancestors who lived well, died in socially approved ways, and were given correct burial rites, live in one of the worlds of the dead, which mirror the worlds of the living. They are periodically reincarnated among the living and are given the name ndichie – the returners. Those who died bad deaths and lack correct burial rites cannot return to the world of the living, or enter that of the dead. They wander homeless, expressing their grief by causing harm among the living.
The Igbo’s traditional religion is based on a belief that there is one creator, God, and known through the Igbo’s as Chineke or Chukwu. This creator can be approached through numerous deities and spirits in the form of objects, but the most common form he had was through the god of thunder, Amadioha. There is another belief that ancestors, that have passed, can protect their living descendants and are responsible for their health, harvest, children and rain. The Igbo also has shrines, called Mbari, and they were made to honor the earth spirit and contain tableauv, of painted earth (www.igboguide.org). There were other shrines that were wooden figures that represented patrons or ancestors. The shrines have evidence, and the evidence from these shrines, oracle houses, and traditional priests in the villages still emphasize these beliefs, though the western influence, Christianity has taken a more dominant role in the modern Igbo land. One of the main events in Igbo land is Christmas because of the way it signifies home return in the village. Even though most live in the city or somewhere else in Nigeria, Igbo families consider their one and only home is their house in the village. The two weeks around Christmas families in the tribe are brought back to the village. This is normally the time that people catch up with other family members with what has happened in the past year and to visit other relatives or friends in the neighborhood. Igbo is the language spoken in Ala Igbo or the Ani Igbo, also known as Igboland, by people who are referred as “Ndi Igbo” (www.ibopeople.com/culture-and-tradition) and they are also commonly known as “Olu no Igbo” which means those in low lands and highlands. The villages and village groups were ident...
Eastern and Western practices differ on many levels. One of the main differences between these two methods is the way in which medicine is actually practiced. Western medicine is heavily based on scientific research and studies, such as chemical analysis of blood and body tissue, and genetic research. It is heavily reliant on modern technology for diagnosis and treatment. Due to technology, doctors can often “see” what is wrong with a patient. In this sense, western methods are more straightforward and objective than eastern practices. Western medicine is primarily mechanistic and fragmented in comparison to the primarily holistic nature of eastern medicine. These Western, scientific, methods seems to get particularly “hung up” on the religious basis of Eastern medicine.7
Among the many tribes found in Africa, the Yoruba people of Nigeria are the most popular. These indigenous people were a part of Southwestern Nigeria and Benin. In addition, they’re one of the largest ethno-linguistic groups in Africa. A great percentage of Yoruba is populated by modern day Nigeria. Generally speaking, the Yoruba culture was an oral tradition, and majority of the people were native speakers of the Yoruba language. The native name of the Yoruba language is ‘Ede Yoruba’. The language originated in the Yoruba people, they believed to be descendants of Oduduwa, the son of a powerful god called Oludumare. They referred to themselves as ‘Omo Oduduwa’, meaning Oduduwa’s children. The Yoruba language is the pride of the Yoruba people and over 22 million people speak it. According to, (Kwintessential “The Yoruba Language” in 2014.) The Yoruba language has been spoken within other languages in neighboring countries such as Benin and Togo. As well as, traces of the language have been spoken in Sierra Leone, where it’s called ‘Oku’ and in Cuba where it’s called ‘Nago’.
Nigeria contains more historic cultures and empires than any other country in Africa. People were first known to inhabit Nigeria as early as 5 B.C. They first constructed a kingdom in the center of Nigeria, which is named Jos Plateau. This was the first of many widespread kingdoms of that region, but two centuries later it would extend to Bornu, which is located on the western region of Nigeria (Gascoigne 1). Nigeria was made up of mostly kingdoms until British colonized in the 1800’s. The Soko Jotojhad and Yotruba wars encouraged slave trade at the time the British were trying to abolish the slave trade. Slaves were normally traded for European goods such as guns and gun powder. At this time, the British encouraged trading palm oil over trading slaves. Many of the slaves that were exported to Britain were intercepted by naval ships and shipped to Sierra Leone to collect palm oil. Some Nigerians began to migrate back from Sierra Leone in search of their homes and trade. British missionaries were invited to follow the slaves back, and in the 1840’s they wer...
Nigeria had an eventful history. More than 2,000 years ago, the Nok culture in the present plateau state worked iron and produced experienced terracotta sculpture. The history of the northern cities of Kano and Katsina dates back to approximately 1000 A.D. In the following centuries, Hausa Kingdoms and the Bornu Empire became important terminals of north-south trade between North African Berbers and the forest people, exchanging slaves, ivory, and other products. The Yoruba Kingdom of Oyo was founded in 1400s. It attained a high level of political organization. In the 17th through 19th centuries, European traders established coastal ports for slave traffic to the Americas. Commodity trade, especially in palm oil and timber, replaced slave trade in the 19th century. In the early 19th century, the Fulani leader Usman dan Fodio launched an Islamic crusade that brought most of the Hausa states under the loose control of an empire centered in Sokoto.
Certain religious groups reject westernized medicine, like the Amish. Yet, for the most part most religions allow their medicinal practices to work in tandem with westernized medicine. For example, First Nations people tend to have a very holistic view when it comes to their surroundings and medicine. Aboriginal traditional approaches to health and wellness include the use of sacred herbs like sage or tobacco and traditional healers/medicine (pg. 5, Singh, 2009). However, they will not reject help from professionally trained doctors and medical staff. Much like other religions, First Nations put a strong emphasis on family/community. Consensus or decision-making is fairly common for them. A practitioner or medical staff member must remember to respect ceremonial objects such as tobacco or traditional blankets, include immediate family members when making a treatment decision, and to accommodate spiritual practices. Normally, organ donation is accepted UNLESS the organ is being removed from someone who is not deceased. First Nations’ believe that their bo...
The Yoruba people worship a supreme ruler or god name Olodumare or Olorun. Their religious beliefs include immortality and reincarnation. (Yoruba Customs and Beliefs Pertaining to Twins). Before European and Islamic leaders changed the way the Yoruba handled their everyday lives, each Yoruba area worked independently and governed themselves. They also had their own specific style of speech, military and religious organizations. Even though they had different militaries they never battled one another. Today the Yoruba people live in developed cities that are ruled by an aristocratic system. They have a king as well as supreme council. They work as mainly farmers or artists (Yoruba Online).