The word ‘wine’ was derived from the use of two words; vinus (wine) and vine (grape) in Latin. Alcoholic fermentation dates back to 10,000 years ago where the use of grapes was more than likely not the original source of sugars within the fermentation process to produce alcohol (Hooper, 2014). Fermented drinks were served as a source of stress relief and clean liquid refreshment. Islamic writings on wine fermentation and distillation are believed to be the first recordings of the production of wine, however they produced very minimal insight due to the ban of alcohol in Islam.
Wine production first began in Australia in 1788 when vine cuttings were brought to shore at Sydney Cove by Captain Arthur Phillip (Hooper, 2014). In the 1800’s when European immigrants from Germany and Switzerland were introduced to Australia, they brought along with them the knowledge and experience necessary to start cultivating the excellent growing conditions in the cooler southern regions which influenced the major growth of the Australian wine industry (Hooper, 2014).
Wine quality is an inherently subjective matter which is used as a reflection on the chemical composition of wine itself (Factors Influencing Wine Quality, 2001). Wine quality is in regards to the compound that the taster associates with pleasurable experiences which is defined in various ways. The ‘ideal’ wine is dependent upon its nearness to a specific target wine, depending on the nearness of its composition to that of a higher wine, however it can also be defined in ways such as is harmonious complexity (in reference to the characters, tastes and aromas produced by the wine and the combination which they produce) or its inharmonious notes (which centres the concept of the importanc...
... middle of paper ...
...at troublesome bacteria do not cause disastrous results. In order to certify a high level of sanitation, all equipment used in regards to the wine must be sanitised with a sodium metabisulphite solution and water (Barr, 2012).
An alcohol is classified as any organic compound which is characterised by one or more hydroxyl
(-OH) group attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group (hydrocarbon chain) (Encyclopedia Britannica , 2014). Alcohol is often considered the organic derivative of water (H2O) in which case one of the hydrogen atoms was exchanged by an alkyl group.
(Encyclopedia Britannica , 2014)
Alcohols can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary in accordance to which carbon the alkyl group is bonded to the hydroxyl group. Alcohols are a colourless liquid with a low molecular weight that is highly soluble in water (Encyclopedia Britannica , 2014).
The Roman writer and naturalist Pliny the Elder, in his treatise Naturalis Historia states “there is nothing more useful than wine for strengthening the body, while, at the same time, there is nothing more pernicious as a luxury, if we are not on our guard against excess.” Years before he wrote those words, wine had in fact come from humble origins outside Italy itself. Furthermore, the process of fermenting grapes goes back thousands of years, and its beginning can be traced to where the wild grown grape-vine, vitis vinifera, flourished and was actively utilized for this reason.
The Australian wine industry exports approximately 750 million litres a year valued at approximately $2.8 billion a year. In 2011 it was the fourth largest exporter in the world. The wine industry is a significant contributor to the Australian national state and local economies though production, employment, exporting and tourism. (See figure 4 for the distribution of wineries)
In the span of only a few pages, L.B. Church has given us an overview of the winemaking process. He has done so with sufficient detail for those in the chemistry community to follow along, yet still in a cursory enough manner as to not bog them down with the unnecessary. Written as if it were the procedure of an experiment, he has given enough information for the experiment to be repeated, tested, validated and improved upon. And that is almost assuredly his goal from the very beginning, as it must be for any published author in the chemistry community.
There are four different types of hydrocarbons each having a different homologous series (formula for carbon chain). These being an alkane (formula = CnH2n+2), alkene (formula = CnH2n), alkyne (formula = CnH2n-2), and an alkanol which has the same formulae as an alkane only that is has a hydroxide molecule which replaces one of the hydrogen atoms (refer to figure 3 and
The story of alcohol in America began as early as Mayflower, the British ship, reached the American coast. Mayflower and the following ships carried plenty of beer – far more than water. One reason was that the water was often contaminated, therefore the beer was safer to drink, and the other one related to passengers´ preference to spend the long and exhausting nine-week voyage in a pleasant alcoholic stupor. Soon after landing, the settlers began making wine out of wild grapes. Rum, whiskey and hard cider were also popular drinks that time. Many American farms had a sizable apple orchard not to make apple pies, but to make hard cider. Cider was drunk daily by both young and old. Culinary historian Michael Pollan stated that “In rural areas, cider took the place not only of wine and beer but of coffee and tea, juice and even water. Indeed, in many places cider was consumed more freely than water, even by children" (qtd. in Carlson par. 18).
Chemistry is at the heart of all nutrition. Thus, to truly grasp alcohol, one must know the basic molecular compounds that the body consumes and divides. The most accessible energy resource the body ingests is carbohydrates (rice, beans, breads, pasta, sugar, fruit, etc…). Carbohydrates are made
Ethanol is the only alcohol that can be drunk safely and is found in all alcoholic drinks. Throughout this investigation I am going to investigate to different factors that affect the breakdown of an alcohol. [IMAGE]e.g. Methane (HCO) + Oxygen (O2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) Aim --- I am going to investigate increasing the chain length and see what effect there is on the heat of combustion.
Alcohol is an ethanol containing substance that is a common beverage in many social and private settings. Alcohol is also a teratogen, therefore alcohol co...
Red liquid sweet but bitter, the taste leaves the drinker wanting more. It's been a long hard week, and waiting at home for you is a nice bottle of red wine from one of the best local wineries. Wine has been around since about 6600 BC; and slowly but surely it grew to become one of the most money making industry in Sonoma County, wine itself. When looking and hearing at economic growth or impact, the main topics that are talked about are climate change, college, or even sports. Little do we know that wine has had impacted the growth in Sonoma County. Throughout this paper we will be looking at the history of wine, and the impact of wine in Sonoma county.
Earlier it was practiced by the Greeks; Romans & Babylonians to the Egyptians, in these regions people have derived wine out of grapes. Wine was a royal drink that kings use to drink, it was extracted from Vineyards. One of the oldest-known winery was discovered in the "Areni-1" cave in “Vayots Dzor”, Armenia. Since then wine was flourished all across the world. From a local consumption Wine became an International trading commodity.
Generally speaking, other alcoholic beverages can be viewed as being a substitute for wine. However, specific substitution of wine in the New World is low because most individuals prefer to purchase wine from a retail facility instead of producing their own. Where as in the Old World the option of producing wine...
Ethanol or ethyl alcohol is the active ingredient found in wine, liquors or distilled spirits, and beer. This clear and colorless chemical is a depressant drug that is most widely consumed in the United States. It is also widely abused and its consumption is linked to many diseases. There are many beverages that contain alcohol in various concentrations, but in general, each serving of the following drinks contain the same amount of alcohol:
but it's prohibited in Islam because Stated wine is an Abomination devised by Satan. Wine had played a large role at the symposisions in ancient Greek. Wine was drank to honor the Greek gods, fallen heroes, and to Zeus.
Ethyl alcohol or ethanol, or most often known as simply alcohol can come in the form of beer, wine, or liquor. A depressant affects the central nervous system although many would believe it to be a stimulant. Many people get more energetic and stimulated but this is only because alcohol affects parts of the brain that control judgment. The stimulate...
Alcohol is a class of organic compounds that is characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. Alcohol was unknowingly produced centuries ago when fermentation occurred to crushed grapes (Pines, 1931). In today’s society alcohol is produced for the use of household products such as varnishes, cleaning products, but is more commercially important in the liquor business. A chemical process called fermentation accomplishes the production of ethanol, the alcohol or liquor. From there, the ethanol goes through distinct processes to become the dark and clear liquors on the store shelves.