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History of Wicca
Wiccan beliefs and practices
Wiccan beliefs and practices
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“Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble”, this quote comes from William Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Though considered a “new religious movement” by many due to Wicca not being formally recognized as a religion until Gerald Gardner brought it to public attention in the 1950s, mention of witches has been seen in various texts throughout the ages, the earliest of which being in the Bible’s book of Samuel. Witches are often seen in popular culture as being evil old hags casting heinous spells and cursing poor unsuspecting princesses, this however, is an inaccurate portrayal of the Wiccan religion. Although there are many other aspects of Wicca such as its history, practices, and the misconceptions about it as well as controversies …show more content…
This does not, however, mean there is not a sacred text associated with the followers of the religion. Beliefs in this religion are recorded in a Book of Shadows. Wiccan circles or covens, as groups of those of the Wiccan faith are called, understand their Book of Shadows to be the sacred text of their religion. Though referred to as a sacred text, there is no one “official” Book of Shadows as we are used to seeing with sacred texts in other religions. A coven’s Book of Shadows is handwritten by the various members of the circle to which it belongs (“Gardnerian”). By personalizing and writing their own sacred text they are displaying their connection and growth to the natural and spiritual world around them, which as Wiccans they believe to be important. The Book of Shadows documents the coven’s individual spells, practices, rituals, and knowledge. Members of the group may decide to write these in code or a cypher to keep the knowledge from being obtained by those outside their circle (“Garnerian”). Unlike the sacred texts of Judaism, Christianity, or any other religions with a set text, a Book of Shadows tracks the unique journey of its believers and allows them a stronger tie to their beliefs. The spells, rituals, and knowledge recorded in each Book of Shadows are different than what may be recorded in another coven’s Book of Shadows. Although there is no central text, …show more content…
Its beliefs about gender, ethics, sacred text and its origins all contribute to making Wicca an inclusive and appealing religion to be a member of. Wiccans are more than their misconceptions, they defy their short and messy history, and are unified despite the varying practices within their covens. The belief that they are connected to each other, to the elements, and to nature brings the together and makes their community and their religion powerful. Tony Robbins once said, “Beliefs have the power to create and the power to destroy. Human beings have the awesome ability to take any experience of their lives and create a meaning that disempowers them or one that can literally save their lives”. Wiccans and their beliefs gave the religion the power and strength it currently holds, and without them Wicca would fall
What images come to mind when you think of witches? Many people immediately imagine a black pointy hat, bubbling cauldron, green warty skin, and Halloween. Usually the image that comes to mind is something scary and evil. Real witches do exist. Most modern witches go by the label Wiccan now. Wiccans practice Wicca, which is a nature-based religion with many different branches or denominations. The basic tenant of all Wicca is called the Three Fold Law. The Three Fold Law states that whatever you do will come back to you times three, good or bad, so do not cause harm or, in other words, “harm none”. It is kind of like the concept of karma in one lifetime. There is debate over how old the religion actually is with some saying that it is an ancient religion that pre-dates Christianity and some saying it is more modern, starting in the 1950’s with Gerald Gardener. Regardless of how old the religion is, Hollywood’s portrayal of witches often does have some kernel of truth, albeit sometimes it is hard to find.
Witches were also mentioned in the bible in multiple places. In Hebrews, Exodus 22:18, one reads, “Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.” (The Salem Witch Trials: A Reference Guide) This basically translates to, “any women practicing dark arts or unnatural powers should be put to death.” Again in the bible, witchcrafts is mentioned “when the prophet Samuel admonishes King Saul of the Israelites, for seeking aid of the Witch of Endor” (The Salem Witch Trials: A Reference Guide). Then God punishes King Saul for this sin by killing him and his sons and allowing the Philistines, Israel’s enemy, to destroy his army (The Salem Witch Trials: A Reference
Liz, Kelly. “Moving in the Shadows: Violence in the Lives of Minority Women and Children” 10. Stonehocker, Kolbie“Witches, Wiccans and Pagans” Rita Morgan: Daily Life, Not Religion 2012 www.cityweekly.net 11. Annemaire de Waal Malefijt, “Religion and Culture: An Introduction to Anthropology of Religion” The United States of America 1989.
Salem Massachusetts became the center of a horrible tragedy, which changed the life of many people. It was a hard time, because of the bad crops and diseases. The people in Salem had to blame someone or something. This people accused innocent people by calling them witches. They were accused by having contact with the devil, hurting people, to pinch people on their bodies and more. These actions were result of hysteria. Maybe those extraneous symptoms were result of an illness or bacteria. On the Bible says “thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.” This mean that any type of witch or curse will not live, so I think that quote or versus in the Bible want to explain that we need to fight against the devil, those people who are practicing witchcraft need to be light, to be with God. Those people were confused because is not necessary to kill innocent people and the Bible says that if someone kills is a sin.
In today’s times, witches are the green complexed, big nosed ladies who ride around on broomsticks at Halloween. Back in the 1600’s, witches looked like average people, but they worked alongside the devil. Salem, Massachusetts, was a religious town of Puritans. They were strong believers in God, and had believed that witches were the devils workers. Everything was usual in Salem in 1692, until, 9-year-old Elizabeth Parris and 11-year-old Abigale Williams had sudden outbursts of screaming, contortions and convulsions, the doctor came and diagnosed witchcraft (Blumberg, Jess) And from this time on, the people of Salem believed there were witches all around them.
The Wiccan religion is one of the fastest growing religions in the United States as well one of the most misunderstood due to the controversies surrounding its history and mystery shrouding its beliefs and doctrines. Due to a series of popular TV series that have shown Witchcraft in a positive light, such as Sabrina, the Teen-aged Witch and Charmed, the popularity of Wicca has grown, especially amongst teenagers; but sadly this popularity has not been partnered with a growth in understanding and respect (Kaminer). Although Wicca offers a nature-oriented, egalitarian belief system with a rich collection of customs and rituals, ignorance and historically-rooted misconceptions still dominate public opinion.
4.]Internet Book of Shadows at sacred-texts.com,Beltane: Its History and Modern Celebration in Wicca in America,Rowan Moonstone,http://www.sacred-texts.com/bos/bos032.htm
One first hand account is that of someone that could be said to have been born into Paganism, Daphne B, a 49 year old, who feels she is not Wiccan nor technically a Witch, but more Episcopagan,considering herself as a nature based but starry eyed mystical type stated, “ I come from a long line of traditional wise woman healers and herbalists from Appalachia.My ancestry are mixed from the British Isles, France, Germany, Shawnee and Cherokee, my personal motto pretty much sums up my attitude,,hold all sacred”
In 1692, the occurrence of “witchcraft” began after the Massachusetts Bay Charter revolution and the outbreak of small pox. The rebellion caused hysteria and a sad injustice. Friends were pinned against friends; upstanding citizens were forced to flee for their lives and men and women were put to death (Jurist Legal News and Research Services 2008).The fear of the devil influenced the cruelty that took place. Most of the settlers that established their homes in the colony were puritans, a member of a group of English Protestants who revolted against the Church of England. The belief that God punished sinful behavior with misfortune did not help circumstances. The puritans targeted outcasts, people who never really fit it in; they wanted to rid the towns of these suspected sinners.
For hundreds of years, Wicca and witchcraft has been considered the practice of the Devil. In result, many witches throughout those hundreds of years have been tortured, burned, hanged, and killed outright. Although the “witches” from the infamous Salem Witch Trials were not actual witches, it is the thought that counts. The assumption that witchcraft involves summoning the devil and sacrificing animals is extremely inaccurate, as well as a little insulting. Wicca and witchcraft has been misunderstood throughout the time it has existed, and it is actually a very beautiful practice.
In the 1990s and 2000s, Wicca began to become recognized as a religion in popular culture. Aspects of Wicca were combined into the New Age movement, and a lot of Wiccans began to start using New Age beliefs and practices. Wicca was also began to be added in to movies, books, and shows; in 1996, the American film “The Craft” was released, it was about four witches who are changed by their power. The same year the tv series “Sabrina the Teenage Witch” came out, which was followed by “Buffy the Vampire Slayer”, and then, the year after that, “Charmed” and the movie “Practical Magic”. While these were criticized alot by a lot of Wiccans, they did encourage many teenagers and young adults to learn more about the religion. Most covens and Neopagan groups did not allow people under eighteen into their coven, and so many teenagers started using books to find out more. Because of this, quite a few books were published to provide for them, including Silver Ravenwolf's Teen Witch: Wicca for a New Generation and Scott Cunningham's Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner. This helped wicca to get more younger people involved in their religion, and it has been thought that the reason why so many young adults are paying attention to the faith can "Be attributed to the fact that it tackles issues that teenagers are interested in — in a way that other religions...
Witchcraft is a term which sprouts many different meanings. As stated above, it is attributed to witches. But what is a witch? Probably an evil haggish-like women who has signed a pact with the devil if we think of it in the English sense. So witchcraft must be evil doings; putting curses on people to make their life miserable, using wicked spells to transform humans to frogs etc. But does this hold true to everyone's idea of what witchcraft is.People's believes on the subject of witchcraft might differ between different cultures.
“livestock die because of witchcraft, family members turn against each other because of witchcradt, servants defy masters because of witchcraft. For every ill in Salem, witchcraft is the scapegoat.’ (56)
What do you think when someone calls someone a witch? What comes to mind? Do you think of the movie, ‘Hocus Pocus’ or do you think of the black pointed hats and the long black, slit ended dresses? What about witchcraft? Does the term “Devil worshiper” ever cross your mind? Do you think of potions and spells? For many, many generations, we have underestimated what the true meaning of a witch and what witchcraft really is. What is the history that hides behind it? Witches and witchcraft have been in our history since the ancient times. There is a little bit more than the ghost stories told on Halloween, the movies shown on TV and dressing up on Halloween.
A. The Heart of Darkness. New York: Knopf, 1993. Print.