Humanities assignment. Gallipoli.
On June 28, 1914 life for so many people around the world began to change. Little did the people of this time know that not only their lives would change but also what was about to happen would go down as major world history.
It all started on June 28, 1914 when a Serbian terrorist group, called ‘The Black Hand’ assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, and his pregnant wife Sophie. This was because the group wanted all the states of the south Slaves to be united, but they were scared that when Archduke Francis Ferdinand would become king, he would bring out reforms that would prevent the union of south Slaves. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was the nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and next in line to the throne of Austria and Hungary. The man who shot Franz Ferdinand and his wife was a Bosnian revolutionary named Gavrilo Princip. Austria-Hungary then
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“Gallipoli became the common tie forged in adversity that bound the colonies and people of Australia into a nation.” (www.army.gov.au) The Gallipoli campaign was so significant to world war one because it was designed to be the shortcut to end the war. This however failed and instead of bringing victory we saw so countless casualties instead. The number of Australian casualties for the Gallipoli campaign, were a total of 26 111. Consisting of 1007 officers and 25 104 other ranks. Of these, 362 officers and 7 779 men were killed in action, died of horrid wounds or lives taken by to disease. Nine Victoria Crosses were awarded to soldiers in Australian units.
In 1934 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey) wrote a tribute to the Anzacs killed at
Prime Minister Ben Chifley, 1946, Victory Day Celebration Speech, Commonwealth of Australia, Accessed 19th April 2014, http://www.anzacsite.gov.au/operationclick/Topic_06/6F_WS_mix.pdf
The ANZAC Legend ANZAC stands for Australian and New Zealand Army Corps. The soldiers in those forces quickly became known as ANZACS, and the pride they soon took in that name endures to this day. The ANZAC legend began with the landing at Gallipoli on April 25 1915, signaling the start of the disastrous Dardanelles campaign on the Turk Peninsula. This campaign saw thousands of ANZAC fatalities before its conclusion in January 1916. Significantly, the ANZAC legend is the result of a devastating loss, rather than a great victory.
During this time more steps were taken to develop a legend by giving the troops a form of National Identity and calling them The Anzacs. We know now that it is now a part of Australia’s cultural identity and origin on the battlefield.
Thesis: During World War 1, the amount of Australians enlisting decreased due to the realisation that war was not as it was portrayed to the public
The Australian Government has made many changes over the years to promote the memory of ANZAC Day. In regards to education, ¬¬¬programs included in schools were put in place whilst society’s view of ANZAC Day has also changed due to an emphasis in the community and wider media . Around 420,
In 1914, with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife from Austro-Hungarian Empire caused an enormous war called World War I, that killed and injured about thirty million lives. It also destroyed the economy later on. World War I changed combat tactics in a whole new way, where people would die in a blink of an eye. Commanders and soldiers did not know about the capabilities of their new arsenals. The new industrialized developed weapons devastated the battlefield with blood, mountain of corpses, and small craters. Some of the weapons that were used were machine guns, poison gas, mortars, and tanks. Soldiers described the battlefield as a nightmare. This was the start of a new era arising through warfare. A very dangerous way to bring great change to the world but was not intended. World War I brought great changes to the world but, considering the countless deaths, it was the worst war ever, an inhumane war.
People did not expect the war to develop in the way it did. In 1914
In World War 1 (WW1), 1914-1918, Australian troops became involved in order to give support to the "Mother Country". Great Britain only became involved after Germany did not respect the neutrality of Belgium. In the first world war, Australian soldiers participated in some of the bloodiest and most enduring battles known to man, and soon developed a courageous name for themselves. Of the 330 000 Aussie soldiers who took part in WW1, there were 211 500 casualties and over 60 000 deaths, a casualty rate much higher than that of several other participants.
The one interesting aspect that I was surprised with my three authors was the little detail given on nationalism in the decolonization process. Before reading these three books, I thought that nationalism played a key factor in decolonization. However, my assumption was incorrect. The author, John Darwin, brought nationalism into question, but ultimately Darwin felt that WWII had weakened the British, which subsequently lead to a problematic post-war economic situation. All the authors discussed nationalism and its part in decolonization, but all came to a conclusion that nationalism may have played a part, but it was insignificant in the entire process of decolonization. Most colonies had a wide variety of communities that had very little in common. Therefore, mass nationalistic movements that would be strong enough to throw out British colonial rulers was much more difficult than one might think. Ultimately, all of the authors and their books I used for the essay-review focused on the aftermath of Britain in WWII to describe the reasoning for decolonization.
even if they did it would be maybe one or two men against 100. This is
More than 5,500 soldiers of the Australian Fifth Division, many own whom recently arrived from the failed Gallipoli campaign in Turkey, wounded, captured or killed in less than 24 hours. Over 1,600 Australians died and many of their bodies were never even found. The British 61st Division, which was mostly untrained volunteers, suffered over 1,500 casualties, including 500 deaths, which is why the battle of Fromelles is truly considered “the worst 24 hours in Australian history”. The battle of Fromelles’s original purpose was to take control of the German front lines in an effort stop German reinforcements from Fromelles being sent to the more major and focused battle Somme, also the main assault that drew attention away from Fromelles, which was taking place about 80 kilometres away. Fromelles involved about 20,000 troops from the 61st British division and the
Professor Geoff Hayes, “4 August 1914: Slithering Over the Brink, The Origins of the Great War,” Lecture delivered 31 October, 2011, HIST 191, University of Waterloo
The colonial relationship between Australia and the ‘Mother Country’ Britain, had a profound effect on the decisions made by the thousands of young Australian men during 1914 at the onset of the First World War (WWI). Fervent nationalistic ties to Britain undoubtedly contributed to the deluge of youthful, enthusiastic men eager to render themselves available for overseas service. However, the reasons for their enlistment cannot be attributed to a single factor — the war spirit and the general belligerent enthusiasm within Australia certainly prompted some, while others were driven by the almost inherent glory associated with fighting alongside the all-powerful British
The landing at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915 is often considered the most important event of the Gallipoli campaign of the First World War. Consequently, events and experiences that deserve equal or greater recognition are disregarded. The landing at Gallipoli marked the beginning of a crushing campaign. In the early morning of 25 April 1915 ships carrying Australian and New Zealand soldiers arrived at the Gallipoli Peninsula. They were sent to prevent Turkey from threatening other Allied forces (Why did Anzacs land at Gallipoli?
... On 28 June, 1914, the assassination was successful and this was the action that triggered war. Austria-Hungary wanted revenge because their next ruler was killed so they declared war against Serbia. This is what caused the war. The Alliances ties in with these events as Austria-Hungary formed an alliance with Germany who also went to war with Serbia.