In essence, every question should be neutral, otherwise it's a mere confirmation of a judgement or predicament affected by confirmation bias or a hidden agenda. Neutrality lies in-between closed and open questions. Most leading questions regardless of the interrogators' intent, always restrict the freedom of the individuals' response , while a neutral question allows for freedom of expression without premeditated suggestions on a specific topic. Being neutral, impartial and unbiased as often defined , is almost impossible for humans, as we inadvertently trademark acquired knowledge and ideas through personal reasoning and perception. In no matter what area of knowledge, it's the combination of the inquirer's premeditated question formulation …show more content…
Involvement of personal independent variables, is especially evident in human sciences, where both the questioner and respondent are implicated in the determination of the outcome to the stated question. As neutrality lies in the boundaries of intent and understanding of both parties, the issue revolves around determining how does personal knowledge of the questioner and respondent influence the neutrality of the question and the knowledge gathered from it. It is crucial to understand the factors of influence on the type and validity of the questions. A prime example would be the Loftus and Palmer study of 1974, showcasing just how the language and reasoning of the researchers and participants affected the answers to the structured questions. Seven films of traffic accidents were presented in a random order to groups of participants, whom were instructed to answer modified versions of the question: "About how fast were the cars going when they (either smashed/ collided/ bumped/ hit or contacted) each other? The findings concluded that the speed estimation was dependent on the verb variants used . The results showed that the verbs with a stronger emotional or explicit connotation, suggested to the respondents a higher gravity of the accident and therefore larger speed estimation overall . In this case study, researchers intentionally created a leading …show more content…
We must first ask ourselves, what is the purpose of the questions of the questioner. In scientific research, natural or social human sciences, the hypothesis is never really neutral, as it follows the train of thought of the researcher, predisposed to enquire and confirm a belief or claim. Natural sciences often fall under the influence of confirmation bias. Unfortunately, I often find myself under such a spell, during laboratory work. When collected data does not follow my hypothesis, which I deem to be correct based on my previous knowledge, I continue to experiment until the results correlate with my initial expectations. A similar case is the theory of global warming, where debates often arise on the correlation of CO2 and temperature in atmospheric changes, where both parties tend to operate with manipulated data to support their own hypothesis . Both in my and the scientist's case, a detour has been taken from the original question, towards a personally altered one. If the scope of questions is the pursuit of justified answers to one's predisposed conclusion bias, the knowledge that can be gathered is highly limited and could be misleading due to preferential omission of data. The questioner has to remain distant from an emotionally biased involvement, if neutrality is to be
Within the target site of the experiment, researchers wanted to answer their hypothesis; hypothesis was that increased police
When this finding infringes on someone’s lifestyle or corporate interests, the reaction to the discovery becomes unfavorable. A contributing factor to the rejection of scientific findings is directly related to political affiliation. Since the 1970s, conservatives have experienced a continuous decay of trust in the scientific community. By 2010, the contrasting trust in the scientific community has become more evident, with liberals retaining more trust in them and conservatives reducing theirs. Climate science has contributed greatly to this conflict.
Freedom is a positive outcome of war that people wish to achieve, but do people consider the negatives too? Major loss can come with the brutality of war. In my My Brother Sam is Dead the author helps you explore the negatives of war and the tough decisions for a young boy living through the American Revolution. The young boy, Tim, had to choose a side, to part with his brother as a Patriot or obey his father’s wants and be a Loyalist. After many traumatic events, including the harsh deaths of Jerry, Sam, and Life, Tim decides to stay neutral.
L and P found that estimated speed was influenced by the verb used (for example, the mean estimate when “smashed” was used was 41mph, versus 34mph when “hit” was used). The verb implied information about the speed, which systematically affected the pps’ memory of the accident. Further research on the effect of language (Loftus & Zanni, 1975) found that the definite article “the” was more leading than the indefinite article “a” as only
neutral' outlook upon it; that is, a side must be chosen, for or against. It is
In this study, Øverås et al. (2014) experiment’s had two independent variables. The first independ...
In “The Power of Situations,” by Lee Ross and Richard E. Nisbett, they claim that many factors come into consideration when making a decision. For their experiment, Ross and Nisbett grabbed laypeople and gave them a scenario. The scenario told to the students was if John saw a man slumped in a doorway on his way to a meeting, would John continue walking or would he stop and help the man? The majority of the people in the experiment only asked about john, questioning, what kind of man was he? Ross and Nisbett state that only asking questions about John has little to no value in finding out if he would help the slumped man in the doorway. Instead of asking questions about John, the students should have asked questions about the man in the doorway, Ross and Nisbett proclaimed. They argued that the way the man looks makes a huge difference in John’s decision of whether to help or continue walking. Most of the students thought that knowing about John’s
According to the Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, "automobile crashes are the leading cause of death for those aged 3 to 33, with 43,005 (118 per day) Americans killed in 2002 alone" (Clayton, Helms, Simpson, 2006). Worldwide, vehicle accidents consist of 1.2 millions deaths per year, "behind only childhood infections and AIDS as cause of death amount people aged 5 to 30 years old" (Clayton., 2006). The annual cost of road accidents is estimated about $518 billion"(Factor, Yair, Mahalel, 2013). The fact alone of being in a moving, heavy vehicle is a danger in itself but individuals that do not wear their seat belts, talk on the phone, text, and do other distracting behavior also put themselves in even more harmful situations.
Historians argue about whether or not the United States should have been involved in world war one and in particular, whether we should have gone to war against Germany. The entrance of the United States into the war not only helped liberated allied countries like France, and prevent a German takeover over Europe, it ultimately won the war for the allies. The reasons that warranted an entrance by the United States into the war were not only right but they were also very justified.
Jaz Mitts Dr. Craig Smith HIS 103 3 March 2018 The Proclamation of Neutrality The proclamation of neutrality concisely covers the fact that there is a war happening between, in short, most of Europe and France, and that America was not going to side with either party in that war. It goes on to state that any citizen found helping or harming either side (probably referencing American ships supplying either side with ammunition) would be punished severely by the law . The document was written in 1793, less than 20 years after the country had earned its independence.
... Behind the Wheel: Why Do We Speed?" Interview. Audio blog post. NPR. PBS, 07 June 2007. Web. 01 Nov. 2014.
The Zundel vs. Citron case explains bias as, “a state of mind that is in some way predisposed to a particular result or that is closed with regard to particular issues,” (Zundel vs. Citron). Due to the importance that bias can play in a decision, the courts have created a legal test to determine if it exists in any given situation. The test is, “what would an informed person, viewing the matter realistically and practically – and having thought the matter through –
Data presentation Question no. 1 Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree I tend to plan things to be learnt before I begin with my learning. 13 4 5 0 1 57% students were strongly agreed, 17% were agreed, 22% were neutral, that they lean to plan things before learning and other 4% students were strongly disagreed with the statement.
Colloquial (adj. Neutral connotation)- pertaining to common everyday speech; conversational 1. My friends and I’s greetings are very colloquial when we see each other everyday. 2. When a student welcomes a teacher with a colloquial greeting, that is not very formal and appropriate. Digress (vb.
“The one thing that unites all human beings, regardless of age, gender, religion, economic status, or ethnic background, is that, deep down inside, we all believe that we are above-average drivers” -Dave Barry, comedian. The number of accidents over the last ten years have drastically increased, drivers are paying less attention to the road itself. Many individuals behind the wheel of a car believe that their driving does not affect the road conditions, however it always will. The driving habits of today are catastrophic due to the reasoning that the driving will affect other lives through reckless or distracted driving, and disobeying traffic laws.