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The turn of the screw
Portrayal of women in literature
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Throughout the topics in literature, Turn of the Screw by Henry James is usually the most discussed. James had written this novel as merely a conventional ghost story, although many theses can be interpreted. One that sticks out the most is that the governess was, in fact, an insane anti-heroine. The only evil delusions that inhabit Bly are those in the corrupted governess’ mind. The governess is obsessive, self-righteous, and self-serving. The ghosts that she perceived were not there to prey on the children, Flora and Miles. The governess creates a supernatural battle to show her own worth, to herself and her employer. This was done by showing her attempts to save the children’s souls from the ghosts, Miss Jessel
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Unintentionally, this shows the governess’ true character. She is hardly sympathetic. Henry James says she is a young woman who is concerned, over-dramatic, snobbish, and trapped in her obsession over her employer. Upon arriving at Bly, she begins to take over the household and after meeting Flora, she pompously exclaims, “I felt quite sure she would presently like me. It was part of what I already liked Mrs. Grose herself for, the pleasure I could see her feel in my admiration and wonder” (2). The self-obsessed governess takes advantage of her elevated position that to her it seems only right that she reins the lives of the children. She becomes caught up in the fathomed idea that she is to be responsible for Flora and Miles. Later, after she envisions the evil spirits, the governess believes she is the one who is solely able to save the children from the spirits’ intentions. In point of fact, by saving them, she asserts the image of her responsibility that she has placed upon herself.
The fact that the governess is able to take Mrs. Grose completely into confidence has less to do with the governess than it does Mrs. Grose. The evidence the governess introduces to Mrs. Grose is not persuasive, however Mrs. Grose is an illiterate woman who’s deeply invested in Miles and Flora. In general, she's an uncomplicated, caring, unquestioning woman; that the Governess uses her both as a confidante and an informational tool,
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"Dear little Miles, dear little Miles, if you knew how I want to help you! It's only that, it's nothing but that, and I'd rather die than give you a pain or do you a wrong – I'd rather die than hurt a hair of you. Dear little Miles" – oh, I brought it out now even if I should go too far – "I just want you to help me to save you!" But I knew in a moment after this that I had gone too far. (4)
The governess is acting possessive over the children. They, in turn, find her bizarre and delusional; this causes them to try to make effort in finding ways to escape the governess. "Take me away, take me away—oh, take me away from her!" (5). Flora admitted to not seeing any of the apparitions that the governess was accusing her of knowing. This led to Flora leaving Bly to stay with her uncle. In the attempt of pleasing her employer and finding worth in her, the governess is unable to control her impulses. In the end of it, she drives herself and everyone around her
...eives nothing from the children. It should be obvious to the reader at this point that the children are obviously in no way doing any wrong and are telling the truth to the best of their knowledge. The continual obsession of the governess over maintaining the protection and innocence of the children gets so severe that it causes Flora to come down with a serious fever and Miles grows seemingly weaker and sicker without his sister there with her.
After an introduction to the common puritan lifestyle, Hill wastes no time diving into the conflict: the “bewitched” young girls Betty Paris, Abigail Williams (cousins), and Ann Putnam (a neighbor of Betty Paris and Abigail Williams). The girls began acting strangely and far out of accordance with the puritan lifestyle. According to the book, Betty and Abigail “dabbled in fortunetelling to relieve the boredom of the parsonage.” Due to the fact that Betty and Abigail were living in the parsonage under the care of pastor Samuel Parris, many found it highly unlikely that these actions were performed under their own wills, ...
Although this story is told in the third person, the reader’s eyes are strictly controlled by the meddling, ever-involved grandmother. She is never given a name; she is just a generic grandmother; she could belong to anyone. O’Connor portrays her as simply annoying, a thorn in her son’s side. As the little girl June Star rudely puts it, “She has to go everywhere we go. She wouldn’t stay at home to be queen for a day” (117-118). As June Star demonstrates, the family treats the grandmother with great reproach. Even as she is driving them all crazy with her constant comments and old-fashioned attitude, the reader is made to feel sorry for her. It is this constant stream of confliction that keeps the story boiling, and eventually overflows into the shocking conclusion. Of course the grandmother meant no harm, but who can help but to blame her? O’Connor puts her readers into a fit of rage as “the horrible thought” comes to the grandmother, “that the house she had remembered so vividly was not in Georgia but in Tennessee” (125).
-XX: The governess sees Jessel on the opposite bank of the lake and yells at Mrs. Grose to see for herself. Seeing nothing, Mrs. Grose begs for her to stop. Flora becomes sick of the governess and tells Mrs. Grose to take her away. The governess thinks Flora is already lost and returns home.
This idea connects with the governess’ apparent obsessive control over the children. Within certain cases in the novella, it appears that the governess has some type of sexual desire over the children, mostly with Miles. Apart from her constant calling of them beautiful, she acts peculiarly with the children at times that leans more towards her psychotic side rather than her motherly, “suppressed obsessive maternal” suffering side. The first real sight of this is after Mrs. Grose tells her about Quint and his relationship with Miles. She says, “It was Quint’s own fancy. To play with him, I mean – to spoil him. Quint was too much free,” to which the governess responds, “Too free with my boy?” (51). It also says in this moment that the idea of Quint and Miles together gave her “a sudden sickness of disgust” (51). It seems to be a little excessive to be absolutely disgusted by the idea of the child and his servant, especially by another worker in the home. It was these stories that could have caused her psychosis to go overboard, leading to the hallucinations. What if the governess never really saw the apparitions of Quint and Miss Jessel? The governess’ psychosis created the images of the pair from Mrs. Grose’s tales about them to have something to protect the children from. After ‘seeing’ Quint and Miss Jessel late at night, she frequently visits the children’s rooms to check up
The governess sees a woman on the other side of the lake and jumps to the conclusion that Flora has seen her and is choosing to act like she didn’t. The child was playing with a boat and had her back turned to the lake. Why would she think that she had to have seen her? There is no proof and does not even ask the child if she saw anything. She automatically assumes it’s Miss Jessel, the previous governess who died and that she is after Flora. She tells her story to Mrs. Grose drawing her in more deeply into believing her crazy hallucinations and Mrs. Grose asks her if she is sure its Miss Jessel and the governess replies “Then ask Flora—she’s sure!” and then immediately comes back to say “no, for God’s sake don’t! She’ll say she isn’t—she’ll lie” ((James 30). She comes to the conclusion that the child will lie about it when there is no reason to suspect that she would. Again, this is her jumping to conclusions, because there is not any proof to say that the children have seen or know anything about the ghost’s. “Thus a very odd relationship develops between the governess and the children, for the more she loves them and pities them and desires to save them, the more she begins to suspect them of treachery, until at last she is convinced that they, in league with the ghosts, are ingeniously tormenting her’ (Bontly 726). “The ghosts appear, thus, when the governess is both aware of the corruption which threatens the children and convinced of her own power to preserve them untainted” (Aswell 53). It’s the governess fabricating all this up in her mind again so she can play the part of
Throughout his life, American born writer, Henry James, was not only a novelist, He was also a playwright and a short story author. He is known, mainly, for his novels that depict young girls in oppressive situations and his use of vague details and hints to force the reader to make his/her own assumptions as to what is ultimately happening in the world around them and what could be causing it. The Turn of the Screw is no different in that it depicts a young girl that is being put into a situation that could, in the end, be actual madness brought upon by the situation or something a little more supernatural all together. Critiques and fans of James’ work have poured countless hours into the analyzing and determining of the “truth” of the book. However, even with all of the time and effort that has been poured into uncovering the underlying story in the book, there are two widely regarded “Issues of controversy to date has concerned, of course, the reality of the ghosts and the sanity of the governess” (Bontly 721). The first explanation is essentially that the apparitions that are mentioned in the book are real and could be actually physically present at the manor. The second is that the ghosts are figments of the governess’ imagination brought upon by personal and cultural factors, common in the late Victorian period, for young women. The second explanation, being based in logic, reasoning, and an understanding of the Victorian era time period, is a much more plausible theory than the first explanation (involving actual ghosts) when the evidence and subtle hints that were left from Henry James are brought forth.
James, Henry. The turn of the screw and other short fiction. Bantam classic ed. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1983. Print.
According to Charlotte Bronte in text , it states “She treats me like a visitor, thought I.I little expected such a reception; I anticipated only coldness and stiffness: this is not like what I have heard of the treatment of governesses; but I must not exult too soon.” Based on the evidence the Governess is treated kindly as she isnt use to, as she has her bags brought to her room ... . In comparison in” The Flight of Gemma Hardy “it states “ my despair rose another inch. A fire glowed in the grate, and the curtains were drawn snug across the four windows. Against one wall stood a large bed with a flowered quilt. Vicky turned on the lamp on the bedside table and another on the desk. Looking around, I caught sight of myself in the mirror on the wardrobe, and then of my suitcases next to the chest of drawers. In front of the fire were two armchairs and a low table… The most beautiful room i ever seen”This shows how the governess in this expert describes her room she was offered as something spectacular to her eyes . Both articles present how the governess is treated nice whether is be getting a nice room or getting things done for
The Governess reveals that she is in fact impressed by Flora, when she inquires about her sibling, the other child (Miles), to Mrs. Grose, “Is he too so very remarkable?” (9). Mrs. Grose responds, “You WILL be carried away by the little gentleman!” The way Mrs. Grose responds, almost in an ecstatic state, proves that she is easily deceived by the children’s external presence as well as the Governess. The first time the Governess meets Miles, she is reassured about their incorruptibility: “the same positive fragrance of purity, in which I had, from the first moment, seen his little sister” (13). Again, James uses a word that describes goodness and positive character traits. The word “purity” can easily be replaced with other synonyms, such as, “pureness” or “unsulliedness,” both also help to conceal the true characterization of the children. James’s word choice is deliberately handpicked in order to play with the reader’s mind. As the story unfolds, the reader has a more difficult time deciding whether the children are this “greater sweetness of innocence” (13). That is the way the Governess first refers about them and it is also the way they are presented to the reader. After the first impression of the children, it is more challenging to see them as the opposite, meaning as having a darker side; a fragrance of impurity. The purpose for James to have created this positive
...d in the governess's eyes. After feeling she had lost Flora to the ghost, when in reality the governess had scared the child to death, Miles still shown to be a ray of hope for the demented governess. She refused to leave him alone and began to become angry and suspicious of his corruption when he would ask of his desire for schooling.
Since it was written, Henry James' The Turn of The Screw has been acclaimed by numerous critics to be one of the most immaculate, engrossing and terrifying ghost stories ever produced. Harriet Waters Preston described it as, "a sheer mortal horror, like the evil dream of a man under the spell of a deadly drug"1, and Gertrude Atherton said, "[it] is the most horrifying ghost story ever written!"2
She protects the children, Flora and Miles, as though they are her own. This connects to the acts of Quint and Jessel. Both of these characters had a relationship within their work place that led to a downfall. Additionally, both pairs are in relation to the children. The governess’ yearning for the Uncle resembles the consequences that played within Quint and Jessel’s relationship.
...comes obsessed with and starts seeing his ghost. Finally, at the end of the novel she begins to look to Miles for a sense of belonging. It may even seem as if she wants to find love so badly that she smothers him to the point of death and kills him. He also may have died because she frightened him to death. In the last few scenes, the governess seems to frighten the boy so badly, they he starts sweating and breathing hard and she even starts to shake him. She longs for love so terribly that she believes Miles is Peter Quint. Finally, the governess has a "victory" at the end of the novel and she finally is able to control and manage everything she wanted to know before. The governess and her unreliable narrator poses far too many questions for answers but all the clues point to her infatuation being so strong in Bly, that she needs to have a feeling of belonging.
James made it seem like Miles was aware of the ghost, yet he was terrified as if he was terrified that it was true. This jaw dropping ending makes the reader frustrated. The fear that was built into this very last passage was not explained or relieved, so the story ended, leaving the readers haunted. Overall, there is no way of telling what really happened in Bly with the governess, Miles, and Flora. There are so many ways to interpret this book it makes it hard to know exactly what has happened.