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Wheelchair rugby, formally known as Murderball, was developed in Canada in 1977 by quadriplegic athletes. Quadriplegia is more commonly known as tetraplegia, this is where all four limbs are paralysed and most commonly as a result of a neck injury. Wheelchair Rugby was created as an adaptation of wheelchair basketball, by reducing the amount of hand and arm actions to make the game inclusive for quadriplegic athletes; this was done by removing dribbling. Athletes were classified on their medical diagnosis, in relation to the level of their spinal injury. In 1991this was changed to a functional classification specific to wheelchair rugby, in order to include those with polio, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis and amputations. According to Sport England …show more content…
There are currently around 16 clubs across the UK; the sport is still a developing hence why there is one club in Scotland, two in Wales and thirteen in England, compared to 58 wheelchair basketball clubs in the West Midlands alone. At the 1996 Athens Paralympics Wheelchair Rugby was a demonstration sport and in 2000 at the Sydney Paralympic games, wheelchair rugby was first considered a full medal sport and has been ever since. Despite the growth of the sport one of the major barriers is the cost of the chairs. Rugby wheelchairs are specifically designed to withstand collisions and cost around £3,000 (Roma Sport) and according to UK Sport, elite wheelchair rugby players have to replace their chair around every 18 months. Whereas compared to wheelchair basketball the chairs cost around £1,000 to £2,000 (Roma Sport) I have chosen to examine wheelchair rugby, specifically Great Britain Wheelchair Rugby, as I play rugby myself and I am interested in how rugby has been developed into a disability sport. As well as the development of the sport and the development programs in place for
Injuries are common in most sports that have a contact component attached. Whether it’s at a professional level, or a school level, injuries are always bound to occur in contact sport. This analysis will look into the role headgear could, should and would play, and debates whether it should be made mandatory. Olympic sports such as Ice Hockey, Bicycle Riding and Baseball are just some examples that currently require athletes to wear a form of headgear. However, Australian contact sports such as AFL and Rugby give the option for players to wear headgear for protection. In 2011, 14 year old Ben Robinson was hospitalised after being treated 3 times in a game for head blows in a rugby game . In 1994, professional boxer Bradley Stone died from head injuries whilst boxing against Richie Wenton . Examples like these show the brutality of contact sports. Because of this, my paper will look at the issue of headgear in contact sport and will particularly look at this issue at junior sports level.
Downing uses the strength from her competitive athlete days to help her learn to live with paralysis on her own terms. From an early age, the author became involved in sports, competing on the swim team, diving and gymnastics; however, in her early twenties cycling became her beloved sport of choice. During a conversation with her physical therapist, Downing quickly found out the hardest part of her injury is
This documentary portrays the life of wheelchair-bound individuals that are professional rugby players. A few of the players take the spotlight in this independent film such as; Mark Zupan, Joe Soares, and Keith Cavill. These particular individuals were chosen as the icons of this movie because of their phenomenal spirit and determination. The most heartfelt and inspirational story was of Mark Zupan who plays for the United States Quad Rugby team. He was the victim of a tragic car accident provoked by his best friend who was driving while intoxicated. This misfortune left him paralyzed from the waist down while his friend was unharmed. Zupan is an amazing individual that was able to forgive his friend and still involve him in his life. He
I began to wonder where and how therapeutic riding originated. In my research I found that therapeutic riding was not taken seriously until Liz Hartel, a Danish rider who had paralysis from poliomyelitis, advanced to competitive riding. Despite the fact that Liz suffered from poliomyelitis, she “went on to win a silver medal in the Grand Prix Dressage competition at the 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games” (Young). After she won this great achievement, an interest around the world in the therapeutic effects of riding emerged; as a result, therapeutic riding programs were established and studies were initiated (Young). I think it is ironic how a person with a disability is so influential in helping other people with disabilities.
Paralympics Games: this events is a major international multi-sport event involving athletes with a range of disabilities, including impaired muscle power, impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency, leg difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, vision impaired, and intellectual impairment. The opening ceremony for this year’s games attracted more than two million
Commonly referred to as football, soccer has become a revolution in many parts of the world. It is a big part of people’s lives, be it for leisure or career (Mason, Viii). Soccer has developed over the years to include many different variations of the game. According to Television Fanatic (par 2), many of the variations develop out of need while others are tailored to suit particular groups of people like the disabled.
data on injury rates for the variety of sports and physical activities in which people of all
Kanemasu, Yoko. "Rugby Is a Sport That Has given Fiji International Recognition. The Professionalisation of Rugby Has Led to a Growing Number of Elite Players Emigrating from Fiji." International Review for the Sociology of Sport. Dec2013, Vol. 48 Issue 6, P720-735. 16p (n.d.): n. pag. Web.
Football is one of the most popular and most viewed sports in the nation; people of every race and ethnicity love to watch the game of football, but when playing this sport, participants must always account for injuries that occur such as ligament tears and brain, neck, and spinal injuries, all of which can produce short and long term effects on a player’s life.
his teammates push mightily against the opposition. His arms are locked over his teammates' shoulders, all of their heads down. The two teams are pushing against each other like two moose fighting over territory. He looks down to see the ball, sitting just in front of his feet. If he could just hook it with his foot and heave it to his teammate behind him…
I thought this was a great experience and opened my eyes to all the challenges individuals in wheelchairs have to face. Throughout the day, I noticed I had to go out of my way to find a path that was accessible for a wheelchair. Not only was it inconvenient, but at times it was physically challenging and required a lot of energy. The next day my arms were very sore. It was also difficult to navigate around the classroom, and I sometimes had to ask for assistance to move obstacles out of the way. A lot of the doors on campus were very heavy and made getting through the doorways a lot harder. Most of the time, I needed someone to hold open the door so I could get through to the other room. These experiences made me realize how important is it
In 1976 Scotland, a reported 100,000 people were in the hospital with a reported head injury. In the United Kingdom, they reported one million head injuries per year, according to hospital records. “Almost half of these are children less than fourteen years old and males outnumber females by more than two to one.”(Graham). Deaths due to head injuries during this time were reported to be approximately nine deaths per one hundred thousand injuries. These were reports were taken before and up to 1976 and in the United Kingdom. In American sports, there were more reported deaths or paralysis due to head injuries. In 1904, 19 athletes died or became paralyzed. In 1938, 894 deaths were thought to be caused by head injuries in athletics (HIS). Theodore Roosevelt actually threatened to ban American football unless changes were made to prevent these injuries and deaths caused by the sport. Since then, sports head injuries have dramatically decreased (HIS).
Christopher Bidlack, an author of studies involving changes in the use of prosthetics in sports and contributor to sports law studies on Marquette University’s research website, feels that the reason this topic is relevant today is because the technology behind prosthetic limbs has evolved greatly, both in terms of design and materials. Because of this great jump in the quality of prosthetics, American sports entities will soon have to determine whether disabled athletes will be eligible to compete on prosthetic limbs(Bidlack). It is because of this approaching decision that many officials fear the change and outcome of either banning or allowing the use of prosthetics in the sports. Along with this “there is frustration among athletes, but also fears that a liberal approach to enhancements would prove controversial. Double amputees are increasingly running faster than single counterparts as neither leg tires and they can take longer strides, creating a potential incentive to have both removed”(Monks). Meaning that by allowing the use of prosthetic limbs in sports, a moral dilemma could arise regarding an encouraged amputation of both limbs in order to perform better in the sport. The safety of the other athlete is also a major concern for officials. With the design of these prosthetic limbs, officials find them to pose a possible safety hazard to other athletes on the field. One incident occurred when paralympic runner Blake Leeper’s prosthetic limb came off during the paralympic trials as he crossed the finish line(Rubinroit). Many saw this as dangerous to the other athletes on the track as it could possibly lead to their injury. It is clear to see that whether or not amputee athletes can participate in the sports sanctioned for able bodied athletes will pose problems for the future, but with regulations and changes to the
People in both ancient and modern societies have enjoyed playing sports in the spare time. The different shapes of athletic equipment, uniforms, and balls such as basketball, baseball, football, and soccer ball are designed differently to serve the purpose of their sports Also, each sport has been developed in various ways.
Every person has an object, idea, or person who has greatly affected their perception of the world. However, every person’s object, idea, or person is different and unique. Something that has significantly affected my perception of the world is the sport of rugby. The sport of rugby can be described simply with two words: elegant violence. This oxymoron has become a popular phrase to describe rugby by both clothing companies and rugby teams. Rugby, or football to islands in the Pacific Ocean, is a team sport that involves courage, selflessness, perseverance, and grit. Whether rain or shine, warm or cold, big or small, the sport of rugby is enjoyed by millions of people across the world. Furthermore, the lessons in toughness and discipline I received has made rugby very important in my life.