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Colonial impact on native americans
Impacts the colonization of America had on Native Americans
Colonial impact on native americans
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Where a person grows up and lives are so much more than just a place. It is the people and objects around you. A community which more so than anything else dictates who they are. Why they hate, love, fear, and who they aspire to be. Culture influences and societal pressures mold adolescents into adulthood, and the person they will be. In “This is What it Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona” Sherman Alexie’s protagonist Victor is no different. Victor’s outlook on life is heavily influenced by his Indian culture, the condition of the reservation, and the people he has met that have left a lasting impression. The massacre of the Indian population by the founding fathers of this country has had a lasting impact on the Indian culture that Victor and …show more content…
Victor remembers a time when he was fifteen and had gotten into a drunken brawl with Thomas. Victor would not have stopped the beating if not confronted by Norma Many Horses. Out of respect and fear for Norma, who is like the warriors of old, the warriors Victor holds in such regard and aspires to himself, so Victor ceased his assault of Thomas (4). Norma’s presence is a reminder to Victor that the old way is not completely dead and Victor may still be powerful as he dreamed so many years earlier. No other character effects Victor's personality more so than Thomas. However, unlike Norma, Thomas parallels Victor revealing to Victor that he has strayed so far from his cultural heritage. Thomas is the modern embodiment of their Indian ancestors. A storyteller, but with no one to tells his stories to (2). Victor and the rest of the community treat Thomas as an outsider, even though Thomas is more like the prideful Indians from years past. In days past the community would have gathered around to hear these grand tales, but those weighed down by the burdens of reality have no time for tales. Traveling to Phoenix and back together Thomas’ influence creates feelings of guilt in Victor, that the sense of community does not exist (11). Thomas helps Victor realize that any sense of Indian pride has died on his reservation and the only thing he really shares with these people is “a bottle and broken dreams” (11). Hope, great dreams, and aspirations were once held by Victor as a child, but over the years those were destroyed by poverty, abandonment, and a trip to Phoenix,
The Essay, I have chosen to read from is ReReading America was An Indian Story by Roger Jack. The topic of this narrative explores the life of an Indian boy who grows up away from his father in the Pacific Northwest. Roger Jack describes the growing up of a young Indian boy to a man, who lives away from his father. Roger demonstrates values of the Indian culture and their morals through exploration of family ties and change in these specific ties. He also demonstrates that growing up away from one’s father doesn’t mean one can’t be successful in life, it only takes a proper role model, such as the author provides for the young boy.
The narrator, ever since he was young, never really stuck by the traditional family standard of living: his father decides to start a new family with someone else that is not his mother and given the freedom to choose to live with his Aunt as his parental guardian. The narrator defines his relationship that he has with his Aunt that allowed him to truthfully say that he was “proud to be her nephew and her son” (52), which displays the narrator’s perception that although he is not her direct son, he is a huge impact and part of her life. He is able to define himself as her sole son. As the story goes on, the narrator realizes the conflict that he is soon stuck between. His life is molded into a mixed culture where he would: still have strong holds to his Native American heritage along with accustoming to the white’s expectations of attending college while maintain a strong relationship with his Aunt. Through his aunt having “so much love and knowledge to share, which she passed onto [the narrator] naturally” (53), the narrator is able to witness first-hand about the Native American tradition and beliefs. As compared to Gary Soto’s work, both narrators were able to view their culture under a new light with a positive perspective. By the end of the stories, both narrators were able to associate themselves with their cultures without feeling the need to change it or contemplate over, something that is irreplaceably taught to them through the power of family. Through this process, they have materialized that they did not have to alter the structure and way of life of their family in order to find clarity with who they are. However, the difference between the two stories is that each narrator learns these lessons through different means. The narrator from “Looking for Work” learns through
American Indians shaped their critique of modern America through their exposure to and experience with “civilized,” non-Indian American people. Because these Euro-Americans considered traditional Indian lifestyle savage, they sought to assimilate the Indians into their civilized culture. With the increase in industrialization, transportation systems, and the desire for valuable resources (such as coal, gold, etc.) on Indian-occupied land, modern Americans had an excuse for “the advancement of the human race” (9). Euro-Americans moved Indians onto reservations, controlled their education and practice of religion, depleted their land, and erased many of their freedoms. The national result of this “conquest of Indian communities” was a steady decrease of Indian populations and drastic increase in non-Indian populations during the nineteenth century (9). It is natural that many American Indians felt fearful that their culture and people were slowly vanishing. Modern America to American Indians meant the destruction of their cultural pride and demise of their way of life.
...Indians ended up in massacre. Their cultural process of doing things ended up enabled the social construction of Indians as the lowest in the social hierarchy.
Alexie begins his essay by recalling how he “learned to read with a Superman comic book, at the age of three," in spite of "living with his family on a Spokane Indian reservation in Eastern Washington state.” (Alexie 4). He closes his essay stating "I became a writer" even though “I was never taught how… Writing is something beyond Indians.” (Alexie 6). Alexie begins and ends his essay by applying the rhetorical device of ethos. He establishes both his character and authenticates his credibility as the author. He accomplishes this and earns our trust by showing that not only is he disadvantaged; “We were poor by most standards… We lived on a combination of irregular paychecks, hope, fear, and government surplus food.” (Alexie 4). But,
Growing up on a reservation where failing was welcomed and even somewhat encouraged, Alexie was pressured to conform to the stereotype and be just another average Indian. Instead, he refused to listen to anyone telling him how to act, and pursued his own interests in reading and writing at a young age. He looks back on his childhood, explaining about himself, “If he'd been anything but an Indian boy living on the reservation, he might have been called a prodigy. But he is an Indian boy living on the reservation and is simply an oddity” (17). Alexie compares the life and treatment of an Indian to life as a more privileged child. This side-by-side comparison furthers his point that
Victor and Leaphorn’s objection to their birthright cultures stemmed partially from their experiences with illnesses: alcoholism and cancer. In Smoke Signals, Victor’s disregard for his culture was partially because his father would drink, abusing Victor and his mother when he had too much. His father fit the stereotype of what society had told him about Native Americans rather than rising above issues on the reservation. When his father left, this caused him to lose faith or balance with his environment—hozho—and he was, in a sense, unable to fit into the culture around
The history of the relationship between Indigenous Peoples of the North America and European settlers represents a doubtlessly tragic succession of events, which resulted in a drastic decline in Indigenous population leading to the complete annihilation of some Native groups, and bringing others to the brink of extinction. This disastrous development left the Indigenous community devastated, shaking their society to its very pillars. From the 1492 Incident and up to the 19th century the European invasion to the North America heavily impacted the social development of the Indigenous civilization: apart from contributing to their physical extermination by waging incessant war on the Indian tribes, Anglo-Americans irreversibly changed the Native lifestyle discrediting their entire set of moral guidelines. Using the most disreputable inventions of the European diplomacy, the colonizers and later the United States’ government not only turned separate Indigenous tribes against each other but have also sown discord among the members of the same tribe. One of the most vivid examples of the Anglo-American detrimental influence on the Native groups is the history of the Cherokee Nation and the U.S. Indian Removal Policy. The Cherokee removal from Georgia (along with many other Indian nations) was definitely an on-going conflict that did not start at any moment in time, but developed in layers of history between the Native Americans, settlers of various cultures, and the early U.S. government. This rich and intricate history does not allow for easy and quick judgments as to who was responsible for the near demise of the Cherokee Nation. In 1838, eight thousand Cherokees perished on a forced march out of Georgia, which came to be called the T...
Many consider slavery to be the only, and most horrible ‘red mark’ in American history; these people forget the near extinction of a multitude of Indians civilizations that was initiated by our government and, most importantly, by our President at the time- Andrew Jackson. President Andrew Jackson’s accomplishment’s can be reduced to the lifelong practice of Indian removal, and extermination: first as a brutal military leader, then as treaty commissioner, and finally as the President.
The American Indians were eager to contribute to their country in which they did. But once the war ended, the American Indians were denied the benefits that the white soldiers received. Instead actually, the Indians were encouraged to assimilate to the American society. Although some were voluntary other relocations were forced. American Indians were given one way bus tickets as the lecture note describes and they were left to fend for themselves in cities of on which they had no familiarity with. Just as they were sort of tricked into relocating, they were also mistreated before with traders before the modern era. Invasion up on the American Indians did not start with the United States. In fact they had to face the Spanish conquistadors. The Spanish somewhat like the United States was, forced the American Indians to emerge themselves into their culture and say that the pope was the high priest. But it didn’t stop with the Spanish; the French also came into North America and were trying to see the variety of minerals they could find within American Indian land. They more interested in economics than settlement.5 Throughout the lecture notes there are incidences where the American Indians were fought for land. The British would later on come over to North America and would stop at nothing to create settlements. Settlements encouraged the migration of vast numbers of English. This by default brought up in a huge demand in food and land. So food was scarce for the American Indians and also they were pushed off their lands. It didn’t stop there, they also felt it was their duty to convert them to Christianity and even went to the extent to construct praying towns. Even though American Indians constantly faced many afflictions from various groups of people, their hope and spirit kept on living. When confined in reservations they had a hope that a force from not this world would come down and destroy those who took
...reat natives and their homeland throughout decades. Measures taken by a president and lack of by a federal court resulted in a hopeless Cherokee nation. Along the Trail, they were faced with starvation, disease, exposure, and death. By no fault of their own, they were misrepresented and mishandled. Historian Richard White sums up the matter in this: “What the Cherokees ultimately are, they may be Christian, they may be literate, they may have a government like ours, but ultimately they are Indian. And in the end, being Indian is what kills them."
When he shares his stories, he closes his eyes and crosses his hands as if praying; there is something spiritual about his prophecies, an old wisdom shared through tales. However, his Native identity seems to be belittled by how he dresses and how he chooses to wear his hair back in braids. It may be an allusion to how Indians were forced to assimilate to the ways of the Europeans in boarding schools. Victor even gives Thomas a lesson on “how to be a real Indian” which includes acting stoic and looking as if they just came back from battle as warriors. The roles of Thomas and Victor demonstrate how some generations of Indians embraced its history and others rejected
Overall, Alexie clearly faced much difficulty adjusting to the white culture as a Native American growing up, and expresses this through Victor in his essay, “Indian Education.” He goes through all of the stages of his childhood in comparison with his white counterparts. Racism and bullying are both evident throughout the whole essay. The frustration Alexie got from this is clear through the negativity and humor presented in the experiences he had to face, both on and off of the American Indian reservation. It is evident that Alexie faces discrimination from white people, who he portrays as evil in every way, to show that his childhood was filled with anger, fear, and sorrow.
The past makes the present and the present makes the upcoming future. In the short story, “This is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona” by Sherman Alexie, there are two main characters, Victor and Thomas Builds-the –Fire, and their identities represent the past and present lives for what they think it is right or wrong. Victor and Thomas Builds-the-Fire are friends of each other, but they did not get together until Victor’s father died in Phoenix, Arizona from Spoke, Washington where they lived. In the Spoke, Washington there is a reservation where they live and they start their story that those two characters have opposite identities, each of them and those different identities that help each other throughout the story and have a deeper
In “This Is What it Means to say Phoenix, Arizona” Victor was disengage from the reservation, with no identity, or not sense of who is he.