Using Propp's Methods to Analyze Thumbelina by Hans Christian Andersen

776 Words2 Pages

Thumbelina is a fairy tale of Danish origin, created by Hans Christian Andersen and published in 1835 under its original name, "Tommelise". The name Thumbelina was first used by H.W. Dulcken in 1864. The tale revolves around a tiny girl of the same, and her adventures as a pint-sized human facing up to the challenges surrounding her. Her name is interchangeable, as she is named Thumbelina, but is referred to as Tiny. The motifs of the story are almost typical of fairy tales - talking animals (toads, mole, white mouse, cockchafer), traveler's tales (Tiny on a long journey after being kidnapped from her home), guardians/helpers (the white mouse, the swallow), large and unknown areas (the forest where Tiny travels through) and more, but it also has its own story-bound motifs - Tiny's fascination with winged characters, the heroine as some sort of enchantress to the males of the land (as experienced by attempts to get her married), selflessness (when she tends to worry more about the creatures around her than her own self), the idea of classes (royalty, the wealthy and the poor), and a return to her origin (being born from a flower). These motifs manage to make Thumbelina an interesting tale where it strays from the general procedure of fairytales, but manages to have similarities to other tales like Cinderella and Sleeping Beauty.

Vladimir Propp is well-known for his idea of the 31 functions, where it would aid him in deciphering various folklore and fairy tales. Following these functions, Thumbelina does manage to adhere to a few of them:

8. Villainy/Lack: Thumbelina's kidnapping tends to open up this idea of constant villainy, as the characters who seem keen on trapping her have an identifiable lack - the need for Thumbelina to ...

... middle of paper ...

...ngly fits here because he was the one who pushed her out of his home because she wasn't meant to be with him - he gave her freedom from an admittedly terrible livelihood.
The hero - Or in our case, the heroine would be Thumbelina. While she isn't like many other heroes, she manages to persevere towards the end and stick to her morals.
The false hero - Definitely the field mouse. I assumed that he would be the one that would help her (which he did do), then he somehow got abrasive when Tiny didn't entertain the idea of marrying the mole. Also, he threatened her.

With that, I feel that Thumbelina is really an oddity of a fairy tale. It really does play by a different set of rules, yet it manages to play by certain tropes and establish its own motifs very well. Propp's model may not be entirely suitable for analyzing Thumbelina just because of how off-the-wall it is.

Open Document