Professor Mehmood Sherani writes in his book, “Urdu in Punjab” (Punjab mein Urdu) that, in comparison to Birj bhasha Urdu is more similar and closer to the Punjabi language. According to him Urdu and Punjabi language both have the same type of syntax and linguistic development. Also in the terms of word and sound variations a great similarity is found. Its influence is found for at least 200 years after Mehmood Ghaznavi captured Punjab at the end of 10th century. In this period a new language had come into being. This is, presently found in the shape of Urdu. Although his research helped in figuring out the origin of Urdu we cannot say the Punjabi language is its main source.
Another perspective is that after Muhammad Gauri conquered Delhi
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The European dialects, Portuguese and English influenced it as it were. Both dialects improved the vocabulary. By 1540 AD the Portuguese had solidly settled themselves in the boss ports of India and were the main dealers in the East. Different settlements dabbed the seacoast and the inside of India. They had more than brief enthusiasm here. They interacted with the individuals as dealers, rulers and evangelists. They had progressed themselves extensively and in 17-18th century Portuguese was the most widely used language of an awesome piece of India. It was the medium of talk between locals of India and Europeans as well as between exchanging Europeans themselves. It was the dialect of chapel all over India. It had in this way numerous purposes of contact with indigenous dialects and impacted them in their professions. It affected Bengali most as it additionally did the Dravidian dialects, Marathi, Assamese and Uriya. It gave an advantage on Urdu by contributing words and improving its vocabulary. Such words were presented in Northern India when the Deccani dialects which had a chance of being affected by Portuguese owing to its nearby vicinity to the Portuguese settlements and different other Indian dialects which had been likewise influenced, responded on Urdu. Portuguese words in local tongues are not found in all their virtue however in an …show more content…
Amir Khusrau added to the rundown Zaban-e- Delhi or Delhavi. In his Masnavi, Nuh Sipahr, the affirms that the dialect is talked all around in and around Delhi from times immemorial. Correspondingly, he says Hindi or Hindvi, while alluding to his and Mas'ud Sa'd Salman's divans in Gharat-ul-Kamal. Bajan additionally joins Khusrau additionally eludes to Delhi's own dialect as Dehlavi. It can be securely gathered that his Dehlavi is Khari Boli yet Hindi-Hindvi incorporate Khari Boli and Braj Bhasha as well as that all inclusive discourse that Waji calls, 'Zaban-e-Hindustan' in his Sab Ras and which is utilized everywhere. We have it on Ehtisham Husain's power that Urdu is not the descendent of Punjab or Khari Boli yet springs from the same standard, gathering components of both the tributaries as it streamed along. As nonetheless, Delhi remained the primary focus of Urdu for long, it grew closer ties with Khari Boli. After Mohammad Tughlaq's all at once move of Delhi's populace toward the South, it was settled in there too, and under the Bahmanis it unobtrusively obtained yet another title of Dakani (Deccani) or the dialect of South. In Gujrat, it was incidentally known as Gujari, likely alluded surprisingly by Sheik Mohammad Amin Khub in his Khub Tarang(1587-88) and
Characters Dealing with Otherness in “Funny in Farsi” and “The House On Mango Street” Funny in Farsi by Firoozeh Dumas and The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros are two books that have many similarities, yet are vastly different. Both stories detail the life of a young girl as they grow up in a culture different from their parents’. Esperanza Cordero is the fiction protagonist in The House On Mango Street; throughout the story we learn about her life as she struggles with her desire to be seen as more than just a poor Mexican-American. Funny and Farsi is a memoir that recounts Dumas’ life as an Iranian American. Cordero is the daughter of immigrants, while Dumas is an immigrant herself; because of this, they both must deal with many
The immigrant Portuguese language was greatly influenced by the numerous Indian and African dialects they encountered, but it remains the dominant language in Brazil today. In fact, the Brazilian dialect has become the dominant influence in the development of the Portuguese language, for the simple reason that Brazil has 15 times the population of Portugal and a much more dynamic linguistic environment.
linguistics -- to trace the origins and development of Indian languages and the genealogy of Indian language families; anthropology -- to identify shared cultural elements and cultural distinctions between Indian peoples; and even "conventional" techniques of history -- e.g., close interpretation of such histo...
Contrary to popular belief there is no one indian language. There were in fact many, many languages depending on the region. The current most common ones are Navajo, Cree, Ojibwa, Cherokee, Dakota, Apache, Blackfoot, and Choctaw, in that respective order. Some of these could even be as complex as languages like Russian or Latin. An interesting side note that I found was that none of these languages had a writing system until the Europeans arrived. Before that they used pictures and
Ebonics is not the only language of the African diaspora that preserved its Africanity. In addition to several African influenced creoles, the Gullah language of the Sea Islands is reflective of African spirituality and philosophy. The Gullah language developed among enslaved Africans along the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, as well as the Sea Islands (Turner, 1). This region can be referred to as the Coast. In the early 18th century slaves from the West Indies, where resistance had grown common, as well as rebellious slaves from various colonies were being sent to the Coast. Taxes were placed upon these imported slaves because they were thought to have the ability of corrupting the slave system on the coast. Thus, slave
Asani, Ali. “In Praise of Muhammad: Sindhi and Urdu Poems.” Religions of India in Practice. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.
Progressing from a combination of Arabic and Bantu, the Swahili language was developed as a tool for communication for trade amongst different people. When the Portuguese disembarked in the year 1498, the port of Mombasa became a major resupply stop for ships. During the 1600s, the Portuguese started dominating the Islamic religion under the sultan of Oman until another European barricade came along. Followed by the United Kingdom in the 19th century.
One of the most important factors in the British loss of control over India was the establishment of English as a unifying language. Prior to British colonisation, India was fragmented and multi-lingual, with 15 major languages and around 720 dialects. English served as a common ground for Indians, and allowed separate cultural and ethnic groups to identify with each other, something which had rarely if ever occurred before on a grand scale. Although it was mainly educated Indians of a privileged caste who spoke English, these were the most influential people in terms of acting as facilitators for nationalist ideas to be communicated throughout the populace. The publication of magazines and journals in English was also a great influence on the rise of Indian nationalism. Although most Indians received nationalist ideas orally, these journals allowed Indians who were literate in English to come into contact with the ideas of social and political reformers.
Mukherjee, Meenakshi. The Perishable Empire: Essays on Indian Writing in English. New Delhi: Oxford, 2000. Print.
FM RJ’s have great influence on youth of Pakistan. New generation is great followers of RJ’s, youth idealize them as an advisor. But RJ’s are spoiling concepts of youth towards language. No doubt English is an international language but the usage of slang version of English is affecting the youth of Pakistan. RJ’s are persuaded to use and speak slang English words instead of Urdu. Consumers who are regular listener of FM are greatly influencing by this perception of using slang words in their language.
...oved and the Moniyhan Report." Modern Language Association 111.3 (1996): 408-20. JSTOR. Web. 11 June 2013. http://www.jstor.org/stable/463165.
Singh, G., & Kumari, D., 2011 History Revisited in Oral History by Nadine Gordimer, Language in India, February, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p 296-303, 8 p.
There are three reasons for selecting Hasawi for this study. First, there is little previous work related to Hasawi even though it is considered an enormous dialect because it is expanded to other Gulf countries, such as Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates. Thus, HD is also spoken as a minor dialect in the previous mentioned countries so that Hasawi is sometimes called Gulf Arabic 'Khaliji'. Secondly, the emergence of a new dialect a few years ago which is Modern Hasawi, a blend of old Hasawi and Najdi, threatens the existence of the original Hasawi in Saudi Arabia in spite of the massive expansion of the dialect to the neighboring countries. Finally, the dialect of Al-Ahsa is seen as a humorous matter among other Saudi dialects because it is hard to understand (Bassiouney, 2010). Probably the cause of such difficulty refers to the sociolinguistic impact of non-Arabian languages, such as Farsi 'Persian' and Turkish. However, it would be proven at the end of this paper that this unattractive dialect has unique acoustic features.
It can be seen that English has become a global language, which is determined by lots of factors like history, culture and daily usefulness. Because of these factors, the number of people who speak English is still increasing now. English, as a significant part of social life gradually exerted profound impacts on education, job hunting and international communication. Also, it provides the whole world with a chance to share ideas and communicate freely. We are quite curious to see the further development of English as a lingua franca in the
Saat Sulaiman; Usahawan cemerlang: tip dan panduan keusahawanan; available from [Book]pp 14-80. Retrieved on 9 March 2014