Urban Regeneration in the London Docklands
The London Docklands Development Corporation is located along the
River Thames Estuary
2.a) The London Docklands had to close for many reasons. The main
reason was the Second World War. The area suffered substantial bomb
damage in the Second World War, which lead to the need for a
substantial rebuilding programme. In the first 20 years after the
Second World War, many buildings came to the end of their usefulness.
A number of factors contributed to the decline in the importance of
the Docklands. London was no longer the centre of world trade and so
much of the dock space and warehousing was no longer needed. Some
manufacturing activities were attracted to the growing new towns and
other out-of-town sites where costs were lower. As a result, much of
the canal and railway land had fallen derelict. The economic viability
of the docks was further reduced by changes in transport technology.
Containerisation meant there was a need for deepwater docking
facilities, and these could only be found downstream
b) East India Dock was closed in 1967, and trade in other docks began
to fall. Between 1961 and 1971, nearly 83,000 jobs were lost in the
five boroughs in the Docklands area - Greenwich, Lewisham, Newham,
Tower Hamlets and South walk. A lot of these jobs were from large
transnational corporations. The growth of industry outside of London
meant high unemployment, which was accompanied by population decline.
Whilst inner Londonlost 10 per cent of its population between 1961 and
1971, the figures for Tower Hamlet and South walk were 18 per cent and
14 per cent.
c) The London Docklands De...
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... these problems. Pubs, restaurants, a floating museum, a hotel with 826
rooms and a marina were all created in the St Katherine Docks. These
were created for both people who live in the Docklands, and for the
tourists visiting the area. A dry ski slope has been created out of an
old slag-heap within the Royal Docks. These docks are the site for a
number of large shopping centres.
4. I think that the redevelopment of the London Docklands has been
successful, because the area was derelict, unattractive, and didn't
have many job opportunities. The area is much better now, as lots of
new housing has been built, there are recreational and leisure
facilities, and there are many available jobs. I don't think I would
have approached the problem in a very different way, as I feel these
changes were very good and beneficial.
The suburb of Pyrmont on the shores of Sydney Harbour has been transformed by the processes of urban renewal into a thriving cosmopolitan residential area, an efficient and sophisticated business centre, and a popular recreational and tourist hub. Through my own observation of the Pyrmont area, I have seen how the painstaking urban planning efforts for the area have come to fruition, and a focal point of the Harbour foreshore created as a result of this.
Peckham has been dubbed as London’s buzzing up and coming new hotspot, with “galleries, rooftop bars and foodie night markets that make East London look positively parochial” according to an article by Chris Martin in 2013, a stark contrast to Olsen (1997) labelling it “an inner city area which is among the poorest and most deprived in the country... Blighted by ills such as drugs, crime, unemployment, low educational achievement, a deteriorating infrastructure; life lived at the margins.” In this literature review I am going to review the main issues surrounding how the area has changed, discuss the new demographics coming into the area, issues such as gentrification in the area and also the increasing cultural segregation that is becoming evident in the area, both spatially and temporally.
This week’s assignment was to write an essay discussing the pros and cons of the Kelo decision as it pertains to local economic development. The city of New London, Connecticut, in 2000, agreed on a development plan that was proposed to increase taxes, jobs and invigorate a troubled city that had fallen on hard economic times. When the city heard that Pfizer, a pharmaceutical company had interest in opening a research facility on the outer limits of the Fort Trumbull neighborhood, they then set out and began deliberating on redevelopment plans for the neighborhood to promote new economic activities for the area. Included in the development plan was a resort hotel and conference center, new residences, retail space and even a state park. The
few pages, and how it affected the London docklands. Some areas that are now part of the London docklands used to be un-used marsh land. and was drained, so the docks could be built on it. Houses for the workers was also set up for the workers. Many docks were named/built.
From 1801 to 1851, the population of London grew from under 1 million inhabitants to 2.25 million. This was due in large part to immigration, both from other countries and from the countryside of England. Hundreds of thousands of people were moving to the newly industrialized cities and towns to find work, having been squeezed off the land because of the enclosure of farms. There was also displacement of the working-class within the city of London because of a number of construction projects. There were street improvement schemes in which tenements were razed in order to widen the passages. The transformation of part of the city into a non-residential district devoted to finance and commerce destroyed whole neighborhoods. Finally, in 1820 the construction of the London Docks meant the destruction of 1,300 houses, followed in 1828 by the construction of St. Catherine's Dock resulting in the loss of a further 1,033 residences.
Lehrer, U. and Laidley, J. (2008) analyze how the expensive urban projects close to waterfront Toronto are used as an expression and indication of urban renewal. The article explains that diversity of forms and uses are employed in these new mega-projects which initiates urban inequality compared to the old mega project...
With the rapid development of the city and tremendous progress of technology in America, gentrification becomes a universal phenomenon in every city, especially in Englewood―the south side of Chicago. As capital begins to flow into the Englewood community, many aspects of daily life are changed for better. The tremendous change brings not only the renovated facilities but arrives with the new retail and service business. Plenty of citizens who live in the Englewood community were benefiting from the gentrification. They also said that gentrification is a commendable change in Englewood to renew and develop. Thus, gentrification is beneficial to local residents because it arrives with the new retail and service business, increases employment opportunities and transform a more beautiful community.
The Chicago River was shallow and stagnant, but it had much potential because of its location and what it provided to the city. The Chicago River altered the human population as Chicago developed into a big city. Because of the river factories and stock yards moved in and caused major problems for the city. The rise of Chicago's Stock Yards was a significant benefactor to the city's pollution problem. In the late1840s Chicago large stockyards moved into the city along the river and dumped all of the meat packing waste into the river.
In this paper we will take a closer look at Williamsburg in Brooklyn, New York which is currently facing many problems concerning gentrification.
Gentrification is the keystone for the progression of the basic standards of living in urban environments. A prerequisite for the advancement of urban areas is an improvement of housing, dining, and general social services. One of the most revered and illustrious examples of gentrification in an urban setting is New York City. New York City’s gentrification projects are seen as a model for gentrification for not only America, but also the rest of the world. Gentrification in an urban setting is much more complex and has deeper ramifications than seen at face value. With changes in housing, modifications to the quality of life in the surrounding area must be considered as well. Constant lifestyle changes in a community can push out life-time
“gentrification as an ugly product of greed. Yet these perspectives miss the point. Gentrification is a byproduct of mankind 's continuing interest in advancing the notion that one group is more superior to another and worthy of capitalistic consumption with little regard to social consciousness. It is elitism of the utmost and exclusionary politics to the core. This has been a constant theme of mankind to take or deplete a space for personal gain. In other words, it 's very similar to the "great advantage" of European powers over Native Americans and westward expansion”(Wharton).
Downtown London had the highest vacancy rate in the city space was being rented for prices between fifty cents and two dollars per meter which was lower than the average in London.
end London was rebuilt with essentially the same street plan, but with wider streets and no houses blocking access to the Thames River.
Throughout the history of the earth we have seen many countries leave their homeland. Most of these countries however, are those that are not landlocked. Countries which were not landlocked organized themselves and set sail for new territories to explore. Boat technology allowed for travel, resulting in the whole world becoming more accessible and allowing people to overcome what was thought to be indestructible geography. Obviously access to the sea lowers transport costs and aids economic growth. Yet this mattered less in earlier centuries. Even in some ancient civilizations, they learned to overcome the problem of not having technology. The original silk route from China to Europe used the camel rather than the ship. Only when ship design became advanced from the 15th century onwards did sea-borne trade gain centre-stage.
Pollins, Harold. "Transport Lines and Social Divisions" from London Aspects of Change: Edited by the Centre for Urban Studies. MacGibbon & Kee, London. 1964.