So when discussing unilineal groups and nonlineal groups, something that one has to keep in mind is what cultures each descends from. Unilineal groups consist of lineages, clans, phratries, and moieties. Lineages are a form of lineal descent from an ancestor, ancestry, or pedigree. An example of lineage are people who have the same relatives from 100 years ago. Clans are a close-knit and interrelated families, and an example of this can be found in families in the Scottish Highlands. Phratries are a kinship group constituting an intermediate division in the primitive’s structure of the Hellenic tribe or phyle. Moieties consists of one of two units into which a tribe or community is divided on the basis of unilineal descent. Nonlineal …show more content…
Includes cognatic (ambilineal) and bilateral descent. Nonlineal groups consist of cognatic/ambilineal descent, and bilateral descent. Cognatic/ambilineal descent groups are what affiliates a person to a kin group through either the male or the female line. Bilateral descent is where individuals equally emphasize their mother's kin and their father's kin. The Hopi of northeastern Arizona had about fifty exogamous matriclans, some of which are now extinct. Each can is divided into different matrilineages, within villages or pueblos. Pueblos are a type of family home for clans, communal living at its finest. It is tradition for the male of the marriage to join the extended family of his wife, but they are not necessarily accepted into the family. The husband’s true home if with his mother’s extended family. The woman of matrilineages usually live close to one another, whereas the men of matrilineages move between the households of their wives. Patrilineality in China has been very influential to their customs and culture. One thing that Asian culture tends to emphasize is their ancesters, who they trace back through their father’s lineages. Property to inheretence, family names, responsibilities to honor their ancestors, obligations to others—all these and more were passed down from the fathers to their
Liniages groups are usually smaller and unnamed. Through lineage, they pass down property, tools, hunting equipment, drums and other items. If a man doesn’t have sons to pass these things down to then they are given to the sons of their brother. Clans are larger, named, and seen as permanent. Clans are comprised of all the descendants of at least two lineages. Elders in a clan can link the present day members of the clan back to the founding ancestors of the clan. This can become complicated so it is typical for people to the accept the clan that their father belonged to as their own
China was not only patriarchal, but also patrilineal. This means that family descent could only be counted through the men. Woman were not able to pass on lineage or surnames except under very rare circumstances. Ancestor worship was very important in this culture, and only the
In her book, The House of Lim, author Margery Wolf observes the Lims, a large Chinese family living in a small village in Taiwan in the early 1960s (Wolf iv). She utilizes her book to portray the Lim family through multiple generations. She provides audiences with a firsthand account of the family life and structure within this specific region and offers information on various customs that the Lims and other families participate in. She particularly mentions and explains the marriage customs that are the norm within the society. Through Wolf’s ethnography it can be argued that parents should not dec5pide whom their children marry. This argument is obvious through the decline in marriage to simpua, or little girls taken in and raised as future daughter-in-laws, and the influence parents have over their children (Freedman xi).
Did you know that the Ancient Indian people of the Southwestern United States have dated back to the year 10,000 BC? First appearing toward the end of the last Ice Age, they were the first “Americans.” (Noble, 1998) When Christopher Columbus arrived in the America’s in 1492 and seeing the people of this land for the first time, he thought that he had landed in India, thus giving them the name “Indians.” (Noble, 1998) However, he was nowhere near India, or that region of the world. Because the Ancient Indians were nomadic people, (people who wondered the lands with no permanent home) through the years they developed, separated, and re-located their clans, developing into what we know today as the American Indian. One group or tribe, are the Hopi Indians. Although the Hopi are still a tribe today, mostly living in Arizona, their population, traditions, skills, and crafts have dwindled throughout the years. Let us sit back, relax, and explore the ancestor’s of the Hopi tribe and learn about their traditions, skill, and crafts.
Blood and marriage ties are not what made someone fictive kin, but obligation, affection, caring, and responsibility. While family was something a person was born into, fictive kin was something developed. Kinship was important but the fictive kin network was wider and could provide connections immediate family could not. It is important to keep in mind how the concepts involved in community work together. Fictive kin connections are part of self-preservation, solidarity, and reciprocity processes. Such was the case in all three books and will be discussed later.
Native Americans established primary relationships either through a clan system, descent from a common ancestor, or through a friendship system, much like tribal societies in other parts of the world. In the Choctaw nation, " Moieties were subdivided into several nontotemic, exogamous, matrilineal 'kindred' clans, called iksa." (Faiman-Silva, 1997, p.8) The Cheyenne tirbe also traced their ancestry through the woman's lineage. Moore (1996, p. 154) shows this when he says "Such marriages, where the groomcomes to live in the bride's band, are called 'matrilocal'." Leacock (1971, p. 21) reveals that "...prevailing opinion is that hunting societies would be patrilocal.... Matrilineality, it is assumed, followed the emergence of agriculture...." Leacock (p. 21) then stated that she had found the Montagnais-Naskapi, a hunting society, had been matrilocal until Europeans stepped in. "The Tanoan Pueblos kinship system is bilateral. The household either is of the nuclear type or is extended to include relatives of one or both parents...." (Dozier, 1971, p. 237)
Celtic society was matrilineal, which is a system based on one’s mother lineage. In Ancient Celtic society women were prominent; they had economic ...
They lived in extended family units, which were connected through the lineage of a
As defined by Cornell and Hartmann ethnicity is “a collectivity within a larger society having real or putative common ancestry,
The Hopi is an Indian tribe indigenous to Northeastern Arizona and New Mexico. They live in four different villages, those being: the Oraibi, New Oraibi, Bakavi, and Hotevilla. (Brandt, 1954: 17). The villages are located on top of mesas, surrounded by rocks and desert land. The dry land allows them to grow an abundant amount of maize, beans, squash, and primarily blue corn. Hopi men and women are both responsible for different tasks in the tribe. While the men do the farm work, hunting, religious ceremonies, and sheepherding, the women have the authority to own houses, farmlands, and cisterns. Their society is matrilineal; Hopi households revolve around the women of the family. As a result of this, children are always part of the mother’s clan (Nanda & Warms, 2012: 111, 170).
Firstly, the relationship expectations in Chinese customs and traditions were strongly held onto. The daughters of the Chinese family were considered as a shame for the family. The sons of the family were given more honour than the daughters. In addition, some daughters were even discriminated. “If you want a place in this world ... do not be born as a girl child” (Choy 27). The girls from the Chinese family were considered useless. They were always looked down upon in a family; they felt as if the girls cannot provide a family with wealth. Chinese society is throwing away its little girls at an astounding rate. For every 100 girls registered at birth, there are 118 little boys in other words, nearly one seventh of Chinese girl babies are going missing (Baldwin 40). The parents from Chinese family had a preference for boys as they thought; boys could work and provide the family income. Due to Chinese culture preference to having boys, girls often did not have the right to live. In the Chinese ethnicity, the family always obeyed the elder’s decision. When the family was trying to adapt to the new country and they were tryin...
...oist China.” Gender & History 18, No. 3 (November 2006): 574-593. EBSCOhost. Accessed October 4, 2015.
Cherokee villages were made up of groups of relatives that included members of at least four clans. They grew their own crops outside their villages, alt...
The literature does provide evidence for my hypothesis and also provides a clearer picture as to how frequent and to what extent the interbreeding is believed to occur. Examining these articles will introduce the new findin...
But one begins to detect a new theme emerging in society, especially amongst the Chinese reformers: the theme of individualism opposed to familialism. Today, would the Confucian family be more and more aware of abuse of women and children? Rituals and traditions can be seen as both positive and negative. The ways in which women suffered affirm that some rituals were abusive. There are multiple signs indeed that something has gone badly wrong with the Chinese family traditions that led to family instability.