The Uncertainty Reduction Theory states that before and during initial interactions between two people, one's first instinct is to reduce uncertainty about the other through various methods. For example, when you see someone you think you would like to know, you try and figure out what they are like through various methods so you can control the conversation and steer it into a path that the other person finds interesting.
There are a few methods, or strategies, of figuring out what the other person likes: passive, active, and interactive. In the passive strategy, you try to find out the other person's interests through observation from afar. This happens without their knowledge, because you're trying to figure out what they're like without influencing their decisions. The second strategy is called the active strategy. For this, there is interaction between you and someone else that is not the person you're finding information about. For example, you talk to the person's friends to find out what they're like. Of course, this has the drawback of possibly obtaining incorrect informat...
Fuzzy Trace theory functions and serves as a better model for explicating reasoning and decision making. There are five parts of “processing in reasoning and decision making: (a) stored knowledge and values; (b) mental representations of problems or situations; (c) retrieval of knowledge and values; (d) implementation of knowledge and values; and (e) developmental and individual differences in monitoring and inhibiting interference” (Reyna & Brainerd, Dual Processes in Decision Making and Developmental Neuroscience: A Fuzzy-Trace Model, 2011). Stored knowledge implies what has been stored in long-term memory through education and experience. Mental representations incorporate the ways in which people perceive problems to be faced, and these representations consist of verbatim- and gist-based representations.
The Gettier problem is a concept that links relative information supported by a form of reasonable assumption and the truthful outcome. Because the process contains an assumption and it happens to be the end result, it does not mean that it is universal and can be applied to all situations and the definitions of knowledge. The fact that plays a significant role for one to come up with the end result, it is a guess and it is not bound by proper reasoning or factual information. This sort of deduction is not logical and so, is not reliable. For example, a person goes to a store and predicts that there will be a lineup of 10 people. They base this supposition on a mere guess and do not know for sure. When they get to the store, there are indeed 10 people in the line. The fact that this prediction and end result are the same makes the prediction true, appearing as knowledge. A lot of factors come into play here as the assumption could have been made according to the personal characteristics of a person. The individuals could have been keen observers and every time they went to the store, there were an approximate number of 10 people. Even if it was 7, 9 or 12, it was in close proximity to 10. Today, the person felt and s...
In conclusion, doubt has been questioned whether it helps or harms one and his/her future. Phelps supports the idea that certainty is required for accomplishment, while Russell claims that doubt is a basic necessity for success. Certainty creates overconfidence and a lack of motivation, while doubt results in determination, hard work and prepares one for the truth and future. Without doubt, many like the crew of Apollo 13 and Eliza Doolittle would not be able to accomplish their tasks and dreams. Nothing is ever certain, but doubt is certainly important in fulfilling one’s goals and ambitions.
Being confident, but not certain, allows for changes in opinion/belief in the face of new information and experiences (avoiding Unger’s attitude of certainty).
According to the Random House Dictionary (n.d.), attraction is referred to as allurement or enticement, or in physics terms, a magnetic force between oppositely charged bodies that draws them together. But in a field that is not tangible, such as social psychology, defining attraction is a bit more complex, as there is no magnetic force between humans. There are often no words to explain why one becomes attracted to a specific individual. Psychologists have proposed five factors that best determine attractions. These factors can be apparent in exchange and communal approaches, intimacy levels determined by attachment styles, and how relationships are maintained or ended through different theories.
Ease: People become more certain of things when an idea easily comes in mind. In a study done by Zak with Carlos Falces, Pablo Brinol and Richard Petty it is found that people were more confident when facing an easy task compared to the hard
Beebe, Steven A., Susan J. Beebe, and Mark V. Redmond. "Understanding Self and Others." Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others. Boston: Allyn and Bacon/Pearson, 2009. 43. Print.
The idea of certainty and self-belief is a that is expressed in many medias. This belief of certainty is usually expressed through phrases such as “You can do it!” What one should wonder is if this self-certainty is really for the best. Afterall, too much of this certainty can lead to rash actions with negative consequences. The solution to this is doubt; not doubting everything that you do, but having a sense of doubt that will level with your certainty, which will give rise to correct and proper actions. Ultimately, certainty and doubt are both concepts in which while they are opposites by definition, one can not prevail without the other. This is the case because too much doubt will prevent moving forward and too much certainty can lead
Science is a field that can be effected by many things. When conducting an experiment, uncertainty in is the unknown errors that could effect the results. Uncertainty is hard to account for because it cannot be predicted. Errors in science are the events that go wrong in the experiment which ultimately produce a difference between the true value and measured value. When executing an experiment there is always some type of error that is to be expected. Two types of error that are important to note are statistical error and systematic error. Statistical errors are bound to happen and cannot be compensated for. While on the other hand, systematic errors can be controlled and even
Sitting in their desk pondering the answer to problem number 2: What is the capital of Minnesota? The student sweating as they answer Minneapolis doubting that it is correct losing confidence as they continue, or a mother around the age of 35 fearing for her life, hoping that she turned off the stove after super but she can’t check due to the fact she is in town. She doubts the stove was turned, hoping the house doesn’t burn down. These are doubts one for a student who lacks confidence and one for a mother fearing that she forgot to turn of the stove. Doubt is the lack of confidence in something or someone but it is also the fear, or being afraid of feeling.
"knows" if he or she likes the other person or not. In some cases, the
According to our book, uncertainty avoidance is “the extent to which the culture feels threatened by ambiguous, uncertain situations and tries to avoid them by establishing more structure” (pg 108 Lustig & Koester). Like other generations before us, generation X has a high uncertainty avoidance with what the new generation brings to the table. Millennials not only face the change and adapt but we are also the change. Raised in the technology era we are constantly looking for new and more efficient ways to live our everyday lives. Generation X has also had to learn how to adapt but with all change there is always hesitation. Some of the uncertainty generation X would have had to do with cell phones, electronic cigarettes, and the use of computers.
Uncertainty can also be defined as being a situation with more than one outcome. However, uncertainty is not quantifiable. Instead uncertainty is a situation where the participant is not aware of the probabilities of the outcomes. Frank Knight, an economist from the University of Chicago, summarized the differences of Risk and Uncertainty by stating:
if they are interested or disinterested in another person. There is some downside to this type of
In the human mind there are many things that go into decision-making every single day. The strong impetus that drive one’s decision in a situation: certainty and doubt. These feelings that people often have are connected very closely. It would be extremely beneficial for each and every person to be certain in all situations. Both certainty and doubt can be, and have been, the deciding factor in reaching a goal or failing in reaching it. Doubt in oneself oftentimes leads to lack of certainty, and a lack of certainty brings about doubt, and this relationship is key to success or failure in all walks of life. Both certainty and doubt are extremely forceful elements that often alter decision-making and play a huge role in people’s lives and history,