Jennie Ivey
Professor M. Walker
PHOA 305
04 Nov 2016 Ultrasound: Scientific Imaging and Digital Technologies Lazzaro Spallanzani, an Italian biologist, could be credited for the discovery of high frequency 'ultrasound', when he demonstrated in 1794 the ability of bats piloting precisely in the dark was through echo reflection from high frequency inaudible sound. Professor Ian Donald, an English Physician from the University of Glasgow, Scotland invented the photographic Ultrasound in 1957. Ian Donald was born December 27, 1910 Paisley, United Kingdom and Died June 19, 1987. Donald’s accomplishments amazed the world with an invention that would change the Science of Medicine forever. Inventor: Ian Donald Printed: Unknown Published:
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Neurologist who was born in Durham, North Carolina in 1968. He is the leading researcher and Associate Professor of Neurosurgery at the University of Virginia Health Sciences Center in Charlottesville. Elias conducted the first-ever clinical trial to treat essential tremors with focused ultrasound surgery technology in 2011. Copyright © 2016 Jeffery Elias. Rector and Board of Visitors
CElias uses both black and white media as well as color in the digital imaging in his practice. Elias has been recommended for numerous awards including “School of Medicine Excellence in Clinical Medicine “in 2002. Not to mention, Elias received an award from “Focused Ultrasound Foundation” for his clinical studies on patients that suffer from Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorder.
Elias impact was that the numerous trials of treatment showed volumes of his commitment to his patients and their families thereby showing preventive measures in treating the Parkinson’s disease head on. This new alternative to traditional surgery requires no incision or opening of the skull. It is similar to using a magnifying glass to focus multiple beams of light on a single point to start a fire. They focus thousands of beams of ultrasound energy on a single spot in the body. These focused ultrasound beams heat and destroy the targeted area without damaging surrounding
During the cold winter of 1895, a German scientist by the name of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen was working with a cathode-ray tube when he noticed nearby crystals were glowing. When Roentgen reached for the crystals he was amazed when the shadow cast on the crystal was not of his whole hand, but just his bones. Roentgen covered the tube with heavy black paper and saw that the crystals still glowed and the shadow of his hand bones still shown through, he then determined that a new ray was being emitted that could penetrate through thick materials. (1.) He later found that the rays could pass through most anything, but would cast a shadow of solid objects; these shadows could then be captured on film. Among the solid objects Roentgen shot with these rays was human tissue, the rays would penetrate the tissue, but the bones would cast a shadow, which could then be caught on film. One of Roentgen’s first experiments with X-rays was on his wife’s hand where, on the film, you could see her hand bones and her wedding ring. (1.) While the discovery of x-rays was a huge advancement in medical technology, they were not used in the medical field at first. Instead the mystical invisible rays that could penetrate solid objects were used in the industrial field.
Diagnostic medical sonography is a profession where sonographers direct high-frequency sound waves into a patient’s body through the use of specific equipment to diagnose or monitor a patient’s medical condition. As described by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, this examination is referred to as an ultrasound, sonogram, or echocardiogram. The high-frequency sound waves emitted from the handheld device, called a transducer, bounce back creating an echo and therefore produce an image that can be viewed on the sonographers computer screen. This image provides the sonographer and physician with an internal image of the patient’s body that will be used in the diagnosis. The most familiar use of ultrasound is used in monitoring pregnancies and is provided by obstetric and gynecologic sonographers, who also provide imaging of the female reproductive system. Other types of sonography include; abdominal sonography, breast sonography, musculoskeletal sonography, neurosonography and cardiovascular sonography. Due to the vast nature of uses in sonography, most professionals study one field that they choose to specialize in. Diagnostic medical sonography is a rapidly growing field because of the increase in medical advances. The area of Cleveland, Ohio has continued to rise in the medical field with great strides, providing better career prospects with the availability of numerous employment positions.
Ultrasound was discovered by Neurologist Karl Dussik in 1942; he was the first to use sonography for medical diagnosis. He transmitted an ultrasound beam through the human skull in attempts of detecting brain tumors. The machines that were used back in the day were a little distinctive to today's machines, but they
Dr. Benjamin Carson is a world-renowned neurosurgeon and former director of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. Described as "one of the acknowledged miracle workers of modern medicine" by Christopher Phillips of Reader's Digest, Carson received recognition throughout the medical community for his skill in performing complex and delicate neurosurgical procedures, primarily on children. Among his accomplishments are a number of successful hemispherectomies, a complicated surgical process in which a portion of the brain of a critically ill seizure victim or other neurologically diseased patient is removed to restore normal function. Carson performed his most famous operation--one that gained him international
Mayo Clinic Staff. "Bell's Palsy." Diagnosis at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic, 27 Mar. 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. .
Patented in 1928 by Leon Theremin, the theremin has not escaped its original status as a novelty instrument. Most people have heard the theremin, even though they may not recognize it. The theremin is a staple of sci-fi films, particularly classic ones. It is not as prominent today but it has featured in recent movies such as Mars Attacks and Ed Wood.
The dream that I most desire in life is to become a Diagnostic Medical Sonographer. I’ve always had an interest in the inner workings of the human body, but I also value life, and care for others, and my happiness is the happiness of others. Although this career has its bumps on the road just to see mothers face light up when they see the image of their unborn baby is such a breath taking experience. This all originated from going to one of my sisters’ ultrasound appointment that I ended up going to all my sisters’ ultrasound appointments. I believe becoming a diagnostic medical sonographer is something I can do because I have what it takes. Diagnostic medical sonographer is imaging modality that can work in conjunction with other imaging modalities
In general, ultrasound waves produced by an instrument called transducer are sent into a patient. Some of the waves are absorbed, but the other portion of these waves are reflected when tissue and organ boundaries are encountered. The echoes produced by the reflected waves are then picked up by the transducer and translated in a visible picture often referred to as ultrasound. In the paragraphs that follow, the physics of how the transducer functions, what the ultrasound waves do, and how the image is formed will be explained.
Ultrasound Technicians are very valuable in the world of health care. Also known as Diagnostic Medical Sonographer, an Ultrasound Technician uses special machines and equipment that operates on sound waves to determine or diagnose medical problems for patients. There are specializations within this field in which some individuals explore. For instance, areas of specialization includes but not limited to; pregnancy, heart health, gynecology, and abdominal sonography. Although each specializing branch has its own distinctive function, they all involve probing the body to facilitate doctors with diagnoses.
Research on animal sonar can be traced back to the work of the Italian scientist Lazzaro Spallanzani in the 1770s. He observed that bats could fly freely in a dark room where owls were helpless. He was amazed to observe that bats that had been blinded could fly and avoid obstacles as well as those that could see. Then, a Swiss scientist Jurine found that the bats became helpless and collided with obstacles with ears waxed. He concluded that the bats’ hearing was an important component of the bats’ orientation and obstacles avoidance capabilities.
The stethoscope that we know today is not the stethoscope that was invented nearly 200 years ago. In 1816, a young physician in Paris, France, named R.T.H. Laennec, created the first recorded stethoscope, thanks to his noble convictions. You see, Dr. Laennec was examining a female patient, and was embarrassed to put his ear to her chest. This was common practice among physicians in this time period, but Laennec was simply resistant. Instead, he recalled that sound travels through solid materials. He rolled up 24 sheets of paper, and placed one end to his patient’s chest. The other end he placed to his ear, and to his amazement, listened to the noises of her chest cavity. Not only could he hear the sounds his patient was making, he noticed the sounds were louder and clearer.
In 1980, Olaf von Ramm and Stephen Smith introduced the three-dimensional ultrasound into the medical field. Eventually, in 1987, they were granted a patent. Since then, the use of this device has grown tremendously; however, it still is not used as often as the traditional two dimensional
Daniel Colloden used a bell to measure the speed of sound underwater in 1822. After the Titanic sunk, the idea of using sound underwater to locate objects, primarily icebergs, was taken up by inventors. Lewis Richardson, a meteorologist, was the first to file a patent for an echo locator one month after the Titanic had sunk. In 1914, Reginald Fessenden made an experimental unit, which was able to detect icebergs within a two-mile range, but it could not determine the direction.
Electronic Fetal Monitoring Technology has had a very prominent influence on electronic fetal monitoring since its appearance in the 1960’s and 1970’s. For many years, fetal monitoring was simply done by listening to a fetal heartbeat through a stethoscope. Dramatic changes in the heartbeat, such as a long period or a drop in the rate or intensity, could be detected,. Now, not only is the electronic fetal monitor used on the outside of the womb by strapping electrodes to the mother’s abdomen but electrodes can also be inserted during the first stage of labor and placed directly on the baby ’s head.
A person rushes into the emergency room; he begins to complain of an extremely sharp intense pain in their stomach. The physician is puzzled to what might be causing the severe pain and calls in for an emergency MRI scan. The patient struggles to walk as the atrocious pain cripples him onto the floor; then a radiologist steps in the room and quickly starts the MRI procedure. The radiologist decisively identifies a piece of metal inside his stomach, after routine procedures he is hastily rushed to an operating room where they then excises the metal and the patient makes a full recover. Without a doubt, the man was able to live thanks to the efforts of the hospital staff; especially quick identification of the foreign object by the radiologist. However, radiology is not the career for everyone, but it is the pinnacle of healthcare science occupations.