1.0 Introduction The Toronto District School Board (TDSB) is the largest school board in Canada. There are approximately 300,000 students throughout the 561 schools. The main mission of TDSB is to "enable all students to reach high levels of achievement and to acquire knowledge, skills, and values they need to become responsible members of a democratic society" (http://www.tdsb.on.ca/aboutus.aspx). Several roles were assigned to me at TDSB, varying from being at the track stadium to organize the meets (track event), at the head quarters to prepare for the meets and communicate with the coaches, assisting with OTAS (Ontario Teachers Aquatics Standard Certification), and archiving the results of the track events. Track and field is a very diverse …show more content…
Before even exploring the internet, quite a lot of time was taken to figure out the topic for this report. Once the topic was selected, several questions and ideas were noted to research about. The University of Waterloo libraries online database was used to search for reliable sources for articles. PubMed and Google Scholar were selected as the primary sources for articles, as well as reliable and valid individual author websites. After short listing several articles related to the topic, each article was carefully read and evaluated for validity, reliability, and overall quality. After analyzing and interpreting the data of the articles, the selected topic of this report will be further explained. Three main articles were selected from three very respected journal including, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, and Fitness & Performance Journal. In order to increase experimental control as well as external validity, the articles chosen experimented in outdoors conditions which are exposed to climate conditions, as well as indoors on rubberized to minimize climate conditions (1*). References were later cited to give credit to the original author(s) of the articles. (http://www.ohrc.on.ca/en/count-me-collecting-human-rights-based-data/6-what-involved-collecting-data-%E2%80%93-six-steps-success ) …show more content…
Several articles describe the effects of warm-ups and stretching and whether they have a promoting or a diminishing effect on sprint performances. The subjects of the three articles reviewed included male and female elite athletes who are on the national under 19 rugby team or collegiate track athletes. 3.1 Study methods and protocols The protocols were designed to determine and compare the effects of one or more of the following conditions; only warm-up (WU), no preparation, warm-up and static stretching (WUS), only stretching. All the subjects are instructed to only perform their regular activity such as working or studying and not exercise or stretch before testing (2*). The WU protocol of each consisted of a 12 minute protocol consisting of jogging distances varying from 800m to 1000m followed by several drills and body weight exercises. The stretching protocol includes hamstring stretch, triceps surae stretch, quadriceps stretch (3*). Both within subjects and between subjects’ experimental designs are used across the articles. After the protocols, the athletes are asked to perform sprints ranging from 40m to 100m to their best ability. Multiple trials are taken in order to get a mean value. The times were recorded using electronic timing gate systems. For the outdoor trials, wind speed and direction are recorded according to International Association of Athletics Federations
Most student-athletes grow up as very innocent lads bedecked with tremendous talents and become very promising in sports. Thus, they become rays of hope for their families, neighborhoods, and schools yet to be determined. Like the lamb in William Blake’s poem The Lamb, they are fed “by the stream & o’er the mead; gave…clothing of delight, softest clothing, wooly, bright…making all the vales rejoice.” (Smith 24) Then they are exposed to the life of hard work in which only the fittest survives. This makes them ready for the different challenges in the sports scene.
Johnson, Dennis A. Ed. D. and John Acquaviva, Ph.D. “The Sport Journal.” The Sport Journal.
The use of the six principles of training by a 100m sprinter would greatly improve the athlete’s performance. This is because the progressive overload, specificity, reversibility, variety, training thresholds and warm up/cool down principles all greatly affect the performance of any athlete. The principles of training can be employed in order to improve all aspects of fitness, from flexibility to strength and aerobic endurance.
It is often forgotten that these members are students first and athletes second. Delving deeper into this very controversial matter are the race and gender issues that come into play. The most affected minority group affected by these stipulations is the African American. While struggling through the ongoing prejudice and discrimination that still exists today, African American athletes are still expected to follow the same guidelines as every other student that participates in college athletics. By investigating the trends from the past years of African American athletes beginning with their entrance into college throughout their athletic and academic careers and then afterward, you can see that although great leaps have taken place for this minority, it is still difficult for them to measure up for many reasons....
Kovacs, M. (2009). Dynamic Stretching: The Revolutionary New Warm-Up Method to Improve Power, Performance and Range of Motion. Ulysses Press.
The discrepancies in media coverage in coverage of female and children athletics have large gaps, but are gaining momentum in sharing equality. Major athletic leagues such as the NBA and FIFA World Cup have wide gaps in marketing and ratings for their male and female athletes. Children are future athletes and superstars, but as funding and coverage in athletics caters to the males, women are breaking the barriers to being in the spotlight of sport. Both genders contribute equally to athletics, and challenge the each other to accept new ideas and change. The sports world that has a single gender dominating the media is unjust.
Wesson, K., Wiggins, N., Thompson, G & Hartigan, S (2000) Sport and PE: a complete guide to advance level study, second addition, London: Hodder & Stoughton.
In this manner, it is clear that these athletes are taking strides towards equality by affecting the future of our society, youth. Though as a society we face many remaining obstacles in striving toward gender equality in sport, it is important to look at what has been accomplished, and also look to the future for what can still be done.
The value placed on the importance of winning in professional sports has hit an all-time high. The astronomical amount of money being spent in the entertainment field of athletics has dictated a win-at-all-costs mentality that has trickled all the way down to negatively affect our youngest athletes - the prepubescent. The athletic world has forever been exploiting our youth as a source of athletic potential, sacrificing the health, safety and welfare of these child-athletes to satiate the intense nationalistic pride of the country and more dishearteningly in the name of the Almighty Dollar. This has caused coaches and athletes to take drastic measures which are sometimes illegal and usually unethical in order to improve performance levels. One of the most controversial training practices center around the impact of strength training in prepubescent children.
The following commissioned report was compiled for the Health Studies Faculty of Brisbane Girls Grammar. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the nature of women’s sport, not only in society, but also at the Brisbane Girls Grammar School.
Gabboth, Tim. "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins). Feb2012, Vol. 26 Issue 2, P487-491. 5p." N.p., n.d. Web.
As you improve your muscular strength you are less prone to injuries. Running fast in shorter intervals, sprints, is a type of anaerobic exercise that supports the building of muscle. When combined with a healthy diet it can lead to building lean muscle, allowing you to run faster, longer and more efficiently. My muscular strength fitness goal was to spend ten minutes once a week doing sprints, squats and running. This goal was later changed to do it for twenty minutes, twice a week to ensure improvement. The goal I was trying to obtain by doing these workouts was to complete the fifty yard dash in under eight and a half seconds.
Training programs for athletes often include both strength and flexibility exercises. Increasing strength is believed to increase athletic performance, while a minimal degree of flexibility, which varies between sports, is fundamental for optimal performance. Additionally, many authors and clinicians advise that stretching beyond this minimal needed flexibility before the main physical activity will reduce the risk of injury, improve performance , and reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) (Beaulieu, 1981) (Shellock & Prentice, 1985) (Safran, Seaber, & Garrett, 1989). However, these claims are controversial. The purpose of this review is to determine the effects
A committed athlete devotes a great deal of time to practice. They arrive early in order to get in a better warm-up, give more than their best effort during practice, and stay after practice to repeat what they went over. Also, they p...
Paddock, Catharine. "Young Athletes: Injuries And Prevention." Medical News Today. MediLexicon International Ltd, 9 Aug. 2012. Web. 15 Nov. 2013.