Introduction
Endodontics
The aim of endodontic procedures is to get rid of the infection and of the periapical tissue
Endodontic modalities include non-surgical root canal treatments such as primary root canal treatment, secondary root canal treatment (retreatments) and surgical periradicular treatments.
Non-surgical root canal treatment aim to eradicate the bacteria in all the root canals. This can be achieved by removal of the infected pulp tissue, mechanical shaping, disinfecting the canals and filling the canals with an appropriate material then restoring the coronal tooth with a definitive restoration. While apical surgery aims to treat apical periodontitis if healing didn’t occur by non-surgical treatment. The endodontic microsurgery is the most recent use method for endodontic surgery by using high-power magnification and illumination and using modern ultrasonic preparation and material to fill.
Endodontic success and survival
Endodontic success rate in the literature ranges from 92% to 98% with teeth without apical periodontitis prior to treatment (Friedman, Abitbol et al. 2003, Friedman and Mor 2004). Studies inspecting the success of endodontics differ in describing the term success and survival and it also differ in the period permitted for healing of the apical radiolucency. An asymptomatic tooth clinically with intact periodontal ligament space and complete absence of the of the periapical radiolucency radiographically is considered a success (Strindberg 1956 ). Friedman, Abitbol et al. (2003) Reported an overall 81% success rate for root canal treated teeth, these results were based on a strict criteria (no signs and symptoms and no apical periodontitis) the success rates increased to 94% when teeth with no sympt...
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... survival of teeth treated by specialists or general practitioners(Ng, Mann et al. 2010).
Intraoperative factors
The apical extent of the root filling and the quality of the root filling were investigated
Apical extent of root filling
Stoll, Betke et al. (2005) In a retrospective study estimated that the survival according their apical extent. Flush fillings had a 94% survival estimation while short and long fillings estimated results were 80.9% and 74.0% respectively in 5 to 10 years.(Caplan and Weintraub 1997) in a case control study found similar results but it was insignificant. They also found that teeth which had long fillings were extracted rather than retained in contrast to short filling which were retained more often than extracted. The previous results show that RCT within 2 mm of the radiographic apex have the best outcomes.
Quality of root filling
Dentistry is a fascinating profession for its approach to patients, restoring function as well as es-thetic. I believe that Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the most important specialty in dentistry and medicine which combines art with science. It is appealing when patients leave the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS) clinics not only with good function and esthetic, but also in a better psychological status. And I find the AAOMS’s motto “Saving Faces.. Changing Lives..” very insi...
The most recent classification system for periodontal diseases was developed in 1999 and is broken into seven major categories. The only reversible category is the first category. All of the subsequent categories are considered a destructive disease because damage caused by the disease cannot be undone and is permanent. The seven categories, in order, are as follows; (1) Gingivitis, (2) Chronic Periodontitis, (3) Aggressive Periodontitis, (4) Periodontitis as a manifestation of a systemic disease, (5) Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis, (6) Abscesses of the periodontium, and (7) Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions. These seven categories are used to diagnose specific patients, as well as refer to a group of patients that suffer from one of the above conditions. Periodontitis is considered local if less than thirty percent of the mouth is affected, and generalized if more than thirty percent of the mouth is affected.
... teeth was 79% and 65% in the permanent first molars. The arrest rate for caries on both permanent and primary teeth was 77%. In comparison, a study done on children in Greenland, the arrest rate for dentinal caries applied with just NaF varnish was only 33%(Ekstrand, et al; 2010)
Infection control is a central concept to every practice of health care providers. Its main objective is to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases from both patients and health personnel (Martin et al., 2010). In dental clinic, infection control is a continuous concern for its professionals. They have to contact patients routinely and be exposed to their blood, saliva, dental plaque and pus that may contain infectious pathogens. It is important for the dental professionals to treat these fluids as if they are infectious and special precautions must be taken to handle them. In this essay, I will highlight the scope of infection control practices in dental clinics and the ways through which infectious microorganisms are transmitted in the dental clinic. Also, I will talk about some infection control guidelines implemented in dental clinics and how they meet the needs of the patients. Finally, from a personal perspective, I will mention some factors that affect the implantation of infection control guidelines and procedures.
Hirschfeld L, Wasserman B (May 1978). "A long-term survey of tooth loss in 600 treated periodontal patients". J. Periodontol. 49 (5): 225–37.doi:10.1902/jop.1978.49.5.225. PMID 277674
Periodontal disease involves series of infections that occur within gum tissues of the mouth and the surrounding of teeth. Some infections cause simple inflammation of the gum tissues and in some cases it causes server damage within the soft tissues and bones, and a possibility of losing teeth. Periodontal disease can be prevented if people were more educated on how to keep healthy gums and teeth. People need to also understand that the way you live your lifestyle can also have effect on your health as far as oral hygiene.
Twenty years of research has firmly established that periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease are associated. However the exact relationship between the two is still controversial. In order to understand the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease people need to understand the physiology, and microbiology behind both of the diseases.
On his initial examination dated 23/06/13 the patient was seen for a routine full mouth scale and polish with reinforced oral hygiene instruction including flossing technique. He presented with excellent oral hygiene at this appointment which was a reflection of his commitment to good oral hygiene; tooth-brushing twice daily and dental flossing once daily. This was further supported by the patients plaque scores at 5% and bleeding scores at 4% with only minimal supra gingival calculus on lower anterior teeth. There was no erythema or oedema present on the gingival tissues.
If you have diabetes, you probably know that uncontrolled blood sugar levels can negatively affect various organs in your body, including the heart, kidneys, nerves and eyes; however, did you know that inconsistent blood glucose levels can also lead to periodontal disease? Periodontal disease often leads to dental pain which can make chewing difficult. There is also the possibility of tooth loss.
I, as an aspiring dentist, would want more to restore rather than to extract a tooth. In fact, I was not able to see tooth extraction throughout my journey in the private dental clinic. However, some circumstances are to be considered in tooth extraction like severe case of tooth decay, presence of lesion on the socket of the tooth, laceration of the root and
Nowadays the practice of dentistry is becoming more challenging and complex because of the information explosion regarding dental materials and equipment, increasing need for continuous professional development and an increasingly litigious society. Hence there has been a paradigm shift towards evidence-based healthcare .
The root canal is a procedure in which and endodontist or dentist will perform to remove an infection from the pulp of the tooth canal. There are many indications to show that the patient will need this work completed such as pain, tenderness and sensitivity to warm and cold tempetures. When the endodontist is doing the procedure he will use many different tools such as endodontic explorers, files, peso reamers and gutter purcha. Once complete the patient will be a little sore but the initial pain will be gone.
This may be required in cases when the conventional root canal treatment is unable to save the tooth. It is a minor surgical procedure that involves the removal of the very tip of the tooth after which the gap is sealed. An apicoectomy also enables the endodontist to remove any infection or dead debris at the tip of the root. Once the canal is cleaned up and sealed, the risk of infection is very low. In some cases, the endodontist may use bone grafts or other implant techniques to assist with bone growth, especially in cases where the infection has left a big gap. In most cases, the tooth will be salvaged and normal function is
The existence of micro-leakage in dental restorations was first identified in scientific research in 19126. In a study done by Harper (1912), air pressure was used to penetrate the surface between an amalgam restoration and cavity preparation7. By applying pressure through a hole in the pulpal floor, Harper could quantify the amount of pressure needed to establish leakage through the emergence of bubbles from the margins of the restoration. Research has come a long way since Harper first recognized micro-leakage. Adaptations of new materials used when placing composite restorations like BondAband, a light-cured glass-ionomer cement has been shown to reduce marginal micro-leakage in posterior restorations8. A decrease in microleakage has also been shown with the use of an ...