Transit Oriented Development Introduction Policy makers across the country are focusing on numerous ways to combat sprawl throughout the United States. New movements, such as new urbanism, have come to the forefront in this fight. This review is looking into a new concept in the fight on sprawl, called Transit-oriented development or TOD. Although this new tool to fight sprawl is rapidly becoming a popular method, it is still a new concept and needs to be studied further. This review will provide insight into the historical background of this developing idea, look at case studies of how this new strategy has worked and failed so far, and provide a glimpse into what the future holds for this novel concept. Transit-oriented Design Objectives Transit-oriented development is defined as the creation of compact, walkable communities centered around train systems. TODs mix residential, retail, office, open space, and public uses in a walkable environment, making it convenient for residents and employees to travel by transit, bicycle, foot, or car” (2). Like conventional development around transit stations, TOD aims to increase transit ridership. However, unlike conventional development around a transit station, TOD plans are based on goals of improving transportation options, creating walkable communities, as well as improving “neighborhood cohesion, social diversity, conservation, public safety, and community revitalization” (3). TOD design principles contain elements that are intended to achieve these social, neighborhoods, regional, and transportation goals. If all of these goals are met development will become focused on high-density areas instead of a centrifugal developmental process. Transit-oriented develop... ... middle of paper ... ...ng our natural and cultural landscapes from uncontrolled development. Works Cited 1. Barton, Michael and Charles, John A. The Mythical World of Transit-Oriented Development: Light Rail and the Orenco Neighborhood, Hillsboro, Oregon. Cascade Policy Institute (2003). 2. Calthorpe, Peter. The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. New York: Princeton Architectural Press (1993). 3. Cervero, Robert. Rail Transit and Joint Development: Land Market Impacts in Washington, D.C. and Atlanta. APA Journal 60 (Winter 1994): 83-94. 4. Cort, Cheryl and Mary Gute. Building Healthier Neighborhoods with Metrorail: Improving Joint Development Opportunities. A Chesapeake Bay Foundation Report (2001). 5. Menotti, Val Joseph. The New Transit Town: Best Practices in Transit-Oriented Development. APA 71 (Winter 2005) pg. 111
When analyzing conflict as the character of Boston, you will find that conflict is triadic not dyadic. This means that there are three parties involved instead of just two parties. This is important when looking at the two issues of urban renewal and busing. The concept of conflict includes established insiders with many options, struggling insiders with some options and ascendant outsiders with few or no options. When comparing this information to both urban renewal c...
Throughout the book Tom Lewis goes back and forth between the good and bad that came about from building highways. While the paved roads connected our country, made travel time faster, provided recreation, and pushed the development of automobiles they also created more congestion and travel time, divided communities, and made us slaves to automobiles. The author is critical of the highways, but he does realize the great achievement it is in the building of America. Lewis said, “As much as we might dislike them, we cannot escape the fact that ...
Since the early 1990s, the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (GCRTA) had been exploring public transit resolutions that would improve access to Cleveland’s two largest employment hubs, downtown Cleveland and University Circle. During this examination period, GCRTA’s discussions with the local communities and local business leaders specified that there was a major need for improved public transit mobility along the Euclid Avenue Corridor. These discussions led to the development and evaluation of alternatives to the current bus route that served this area, the local bus route #6. By coordinating with Cuyahoga County and the City of Cleveland, and by hosting a series of public meetings, GCRTA had more than enough input and assistance in the final determination of alternatives to meet the transportation needs of the community and the Euclid ...
Retrieved from http://www.atlantaregional.com/about-us/news-press/press-releases/regional-leaders-take-step-toward-stronger-metro-atlanta-economy. Levy, J. M. (2013). The 'Standard Contemporary Urban Planning. New Jersey: Pearson-Prentice Hall. Retrieved from Course Smart.
5. Frank F. DeGiovanni in Gentrification, Displacement and Neighborhood Revitalization, SUNY series on urban public policy, Albany State University of New York Press, c1984
Since my freshmen year of high school, I have met peers who rely on public transportation to get to school every day since the school bus system did not serve their neighborhood. They were students who were eager to come to school everyday, relying on MTS to transport them to school on time every day. Similarly, my mother relies on MTS to get her to work on time every morning and home every afternoon. Both students and adults alike have had little to no problems with the transportation system; when there were problems, MTS was able to adjust their schedules or routes to serve the community. A friend who just recently began to rely on public transportation to transport her to school has told me the interesting experiences she has encountered during the time she has used the public transportat...
Childhood is the period of being a child which is from birth up until when the child reaches puberty (adolescence). A myriad people perceive childhood as being fun and joyful but many would disagree and would now begin to consider it as being problematic. This essay will be impartial and promiscuous by discussing supporting arguments that childhood is and is not considered as being in crisis. Part of this essay will be looking at different authors or journalists who believe childhood is in crisis due to many factors such as; children not spending time outdoors, them being allowed to used electronics too much etc. While other authors and journalists will be looking at the opposite side as to children only being innocent or that parents are to blame and the media due to confusion over whether childhood is in crisis.
* Levinson, H. (2004). Highways, People, and Places: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 130 (4), 406 – 412.
Signs and signification have been recognized throughout history as having great impact as to how language functions today. Ferdinand de Saussure, a linguistics prodigy, introduced a language model that would forever change the structure of linguistics. Saussure developed the historical study of languages to what most know as semiology – the study of signs. He defines the sign as a dualistic notion, consisting of the signifier and the signified. The signifier is a form linked to an idea, whereas the signified is an idea or concept linked to the signifier (Torres, 2017). The sign is the union of the word and the idea. One key argument discussed in the Nature of the Linguistic Sign is that the relationship between the two parts of a sign are completely arbitrary (Saussure, 1916). When Saussure discusses how the two parts are arbitrary, he means that there is no natural reason why these two parts are linked. This notion sets him apart from other philosophers, but has come to be the basic structure of language. People interpret language differently and their individual experiences shape how they view language,
Firm statements that if followed, a city can improve at an enormously fast rate. Such arguments have to do with public spaces, communities, natural environments/ ecology, the distinction between pedestrian, public transit and private transportation’s via,
Vibrations are caused due to unbalanced masses which creates a position shift to the centrifugal force. Additional unbalanced masses can occur during the ...
“Childhoods never last. But everyone at least deserves one” –Unknown. Childhood passes by quickly; however, it is not about the length of the childhood, but rather the precious moments and experiences that are created during that phase. Moreover, childhood is defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary as the state or period of being a child, but childhood is also a precious time where children are supposed to be enjoying an unsupervised, trouble-free life and playing with risks. Furthermore, “risky play is important for children’s development” (Sandseter 83). However, risky play is also an important matter to parents because of today’s safety-obsessed culture; thus, the notion of childhood has evolved throughout history because of parents’
Transit oriented development (TOD) is a type of urban planning where commercial and residential areas revolve around the public transportation system. It originated in the post-World War II era where urbanization took place rapidly . This is because TODs can minimize the negative impacts of rapid urbanization such as congestion and pollution by encouraging the use of public transport over private transport. In this essay, I will first introduce the concept of TOD. Then I will use Hong Kong as a case study to demonstrate how this concept can be implemented
The theory of semiotics by French theorist Roland Barthes analyzes signs and their meaning (Griffin, 2012). In semiotics, Barthes focused more on the nonverbal meanings of signs rather than on their verbal meanings (Griffin, 2012). One of the most important aspects of Barthes’ theory is his stance that there are two parts that make up a sign: the signifier, or level of expression, and the signified, or level of content (Barthes, 1985/1988)). The signified is the meaning that we attribute to the sign and the signifier is the actual object we perceive, and together they make the sign (Griffin, 2012). These signs can have two different meanings.
In my opinion, childhood has drastically changed from what I remember growing up to what it is today. The word childhood, to me, means innocence, having an imagination, being creative, and having freedom. Over 20 years ago, children were safer, there was more of a sense of community, technology barely existed, and children had better manners. Children played outside more due to the freedom of those