To Build A Fire Short Story

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"To Build a Fire" is a story by Jack London, about the struggles of a man to survive in a desperate situation in the wilderness. "The Lottery," by Shirley Jackson, is a tale of mindless adherence to tradition, conformity, and violence in a rural town. On the surface it seems like these are two entirely different stories. For all of their differences, though, the stories both address the same issue.
"To Build a Fire" begins with an unnamed protagonist walking along a path in the Yukon in dangerously cold conditions. He is accompanied by a dog, and is trying to reach his friends. During his journey he breaks through ice covering running water, and gets wet up to his knees. Forced to build a fire by the combination of wetness and deadly cold, he is thwarted when snow falls from the tree above, putting out the fire. He cannot get it going again, as he is too cold and stiff to manage it. His last desperate attempts to warm himself or find help fail, and he dies of the cold.
"The Lottery" takes the form of a description of a day near midsummer in a rural town. The townsfolk are preparing for some ancient ritual that they have done as a matter of tradition for as long as anyone can remember. It is clearly a lottery of some sort, and there is a superstition that this lottery will ensure a good harvest. As the story progresses, a representative of each family draws a piece of paper. The family holding a paper with a black mark on it then holds a second drawing, and the member selected is killed by the other townsfolk.
London's story is a gritty, realistic depiction of a man taking foolish risks in a situation that he is not qualified to handle. Despite having been warned by an old man not to attempt the journey alone, he journeys alone. De...

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...paper. It does not attempt to question the reason for the lottery itself.
This is where the stories speak to the same ends: the depiction of the limitations and dangers of human intelligence. Each story in its own way shows human cleverness as a thing of limited value, just enough to put people in genuine danger but not enough to help them avoid it. London's story showcases human intelligence as being of less use than animal instinct. The fact that the protagonist had no name, and was referred to only as "the man," indicates that he is just supposed to be a person, any person. This shows that London's critique was of people as a whole, rather than one person in particular. The everyday rural small town setting of the lottery indicates that its inhabitants are supposed to be typical, ordinary people. The human animal in each story is a foolish and dangerous creature.

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