6. CASE STUDY
6.1 CORBETT TIGER RESERVE
Corbett is one of the best preserved National parks in the country today, with a population of 164 tigers in its reserve. It has the highest density of tiger population in the country at 20/100 sq km according to the All India Estimates of Tigers and Co predators and Prey conducted by Wildlife Institute of India and National Tiger Conservation Authority. It is also the only viable population of tigers in the North West and has ‘‘best chances of long term survival’’
6.1.1 Objective: To assess and understand the impact of increasing tourism activities and infrastructure in and around Corbett Tiger Reserve on wildlife.
Corbett Tiger Reserve was chosen as a case study here to show the devastating
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Belpadao (or Bailpadao) ¬Kotabagh.
Tourism inside the core critical habitat unsustainable.
The rapid growth of tourism with respect to tourist numbers and its infrastructure is not sustainable and poses a serious threat to the reserve.
6.1.3 Kosi river corridor
• Wildlife corridors connecting tiger populations are crucial as they help in alleviating fragmentation of their habitats and are important for movement of animals with large home range like the tiger.
• Corridors are crucial for long term genetic variation as the help to avoid habitat fragmentation, especially for animals like Tigers that have large home range. They are critical to maintain long term genetic viability of tigers and also to maintain large breeding population.
• Isolated populations are at a greater risk of local extinction due to repetitive inbreeding.
• To secure tiger populations of Corbett, corridors–uninterrupted forest areas for tigers to move to adjoining forests and Protected Areas—are crucial. (BINDRA,
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Another block is by the Indian Medical
Pharmaceutical Limited which is a government encroachment.
Another narrow passage which is also crowded by tourists is Garajia. It is considered as another hotspot for tiger sightings which has resulted in the construction of many resorts. It was here that a tiger was reported to have been baited by private elephant safaris for cat‐obsessed tourists—making it so familiar with humans that it actually used to follow tourist bearing elephants. Baiting, and the consequent increasing interface with humans familiarizes the tigerwith humans, and they lose their instinctive fear of man. This changing interface could lead to unnatural behavior—like killing a human. The Tiger-a young male ,killed a woman who entered the reserve, was declared a man eater and the tiger was sent off to Nainital zoo in February 2009
Figure 2 Map Showing Breaks in the Kosi River corridor (BINDRA, 2011)
From the maps we can see that there is very little room for tigers to reach Kosi due to a physical barrier created as a result of construction of wildlife resorts in Sundarkhal. Ringoda passage is very narrow for tigers to cross and is crowded with gypsies from resorts and elephant safaris who converge here for sighting tigers during the day as well as in the night. In 2007, a tiger was killed due to a speeding tourist
As human advancements obliterate the habitats and influence the lifestyle of the Giant Panda, research is conducted to uncover the cause of the Giant Panda’s current predicament and to improve the methods of conservation to save the Giant Panda. Information gained by researching the Giant Panda and its behaviors will help scientists and conservationists discover just what is hurting the Giant Panda, and what people can do to stop the Giant Panda’s population from decreasing. Habitat, a word that is constantly mentioned when one talks about an animal, yet no one is quite sure just what the word actually means. Habitat is a spatial unit that can be occupied by an individual animal, no matter how briefly (Liu, Skidmore, Wang, Yong and Prins 1623). The process by which the Giant Panda chose its habitat was known as the habitat selection process.
Snuggled within the natural bush setting of Cleland Conservation Park, and adjacent to Mount Lofty Summit, the park provides 35 hectares of open bushland habitat where visitors can interact with Australian wildlife. The Cleland Wildlife Park has been a major...
Although the assessment displayed many threats, this project will address only one causal chain: of the inefficiency of co-management agreement in the park. The contributing factors for this direct threat are first, the lack of revision of the agreement since 1991. The last stage of the co-management agreement inside of Kakadu National park was signed 27 years ago. Although this co-management agreement has been through different stages and revisions, very important aspects of the context have changed since then. It is proposed in this project that a revision is needed to assure that the agreement has both benefits for traditional owners and to wildlife in the park. Secondly, currently, there are conflicting agendas and conflicting definitions of the problem within the participants. This has created for different programs and policies to be created, often in conflict with one another. For example, wide-range poisoning of quolls by traps to kill dingoes implemented by one agency that seeks to exterminate invasive species (such as wild dogs/dingoes). Another example of what different problem definitions can create is the foxes example. An agency can see foxes as the main issue, and the solution is to target foxes with poisoning bait. What happens, then, is numbers of feral cats and rabbits, which are also hunted by foxes, tend to boom once the foxes are gone. So, small marsupials (i.e. quolls) will still be hunted – only by cats instead – and the rabbits will wreak havoc in the landscape, depriving native animals of food and shelter. This connects to the third contributing factor, the multiplicity of agencies, and lack of exchange between them. Because Australia works under the frame of a decentralized government, many agencies and organizations do not communicate with each other or are held accountable. This then creates a very complex social process, which then creates a very
Impacts of Tourism in Swanage Tourism has the potential to create impacts on the environment and communities that it relies on to accommodate visitors. Its impacts are mitigated by the long history of tourism activity. Communities have become used to tourism activity, and management measures to limit some areas of environmental damage have been implemented. Nevertheless, some impacts are far ranging, and they are set out below: * Inappropriate Development An increase in visitors can lead to pressure for new developments to serve and capitilise on their needs, eg. Caravan parks, visitor centres, cafes, signs, car parks, and additional accommodation.
The adult tigers suffer from abuse causing them to pace back and forth and to have self mutilation because their natural needs are not met. The temple also keeps their tigers captive. They spend most of their lives confined to barren concrete cells and chained to a small cage for several hours a day given no shade. When the tigers are allowed out, it is only because of the money. When the tigers refuse to cooperate the monks will beat the
How can habitat corridors be beneficial to species that need large areas in which to live and move around?
The Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) has been on the endangered species list since 1967 with only 130 individuals surviving within a small area in Southern Florida (Sullivan 2004). Prior to conservation efforts, the Florida panther has suffered several population losses due to inbreeding, habitat loss, and vehicular collisions with only an estimated 30 surviving individuals in the 1970s (Maehr 1992). The number one threat to the Florida panther is habitat loss and habitat fragmentation due to urban development in Southern FL within the hardwood hammocks and wetland habitats in which they live in. Most of the current panther population is located within public lands such as the Big Cypress National Reserve and the Everglades, with some rehabilitation centers such as White Oak and the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge to help with conservation efforts within this area (see Figure 1: Florida Panther Home Ranges).
.... Some animals face endangerment because of human’s hunting activities and because of the climate changes. Due to the endangered rare species, people solve this problem by bringing these animals back to their natural habitat.
In addition to poaching, human developments and habitat destruction have grossly impacted the Amur leopard. Given the nature of their landscape, the harsh seasons and finite resources, predators must command huge, fertile territories to sustain themselves. Shrinking habitats means less prey, water and shelter to provide for the existing population. Leopards that fail to win prime pieces of land are ousted onto less inhabitable territories where they eventually die
The Siberian tiger is a solitary animal, preferring to travel and hunt alone or with a small pack. This animal lives in mountainous regions and heavily forested areas.
This provides a legal safety net to stop and slow down the loss of plant and animal species. They hold federal agencies and others accountable for complying with laws protecting rare/endangered animals using persuasion and cooperation. They recommend increased funding for private landowners and conservation programs that could benefit animals. They protect and restore habitats that were lost. NWF also reduces threats to wildlife that can lead to endangerment including loss of habitat and pollution. India is now halting tiger tourism to prevent extinction of the animals. About 1,411 of these animals live in the wild, and they are in danger of being “loved to death.” Experts fear these big cats will become extinct in only five years. Poaching is the main reason for many deaths, but tourism has also impacted the tigers. The tourist vehicles drive away the tigers prey and hotels have been built over passageways the tigers used to travel from one place to another. Alligators, Bald Eagles, Wolves, Grizzly Bears, and Whooping Cranes were all saved by the U.S Endangered Species Act (ESA). The WWF is addressing the major threats to Australia’s
The Bengal tiger is a carnivorous, mammal primarily from India. It lives in habitats such as the coniferous Himalayan Forest, the mangroves of the Sunderbans, the hills of the Indian Peninsula, or the forests of Rajasthan and Northern India. At one time Bengal tigers were scattered throughout Asia. Now they are generally found in India and some regions of Bangledesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Myanmar. There is approximately 4,000 alive in the wild now, and about 300 are in captivity in zoos around the world.
The uncontrolled tourism increase is threatening many natural areas around the world.with the uncontrollable levels of tourism this can put great deal of pressure on an area, andthis could end up leading to negative environmental impacts on the air and the water quality, thevegetation,the soil.the wild life and the possible job opportunities.
(2) All the economically important organisms in protected areas should be identified and conserved as protected areas are an extremely important part of programs to conserve biodiversity and ecosystems, mainly for sensitive habitats. (3) Species in critical habitats should be identified and safeguarded. (4) Priority should be given at its outmost level to preserve ecosystems which appear to be unique. (5) There should be sustainable utilisation of natural resources. (6) International trade in wild life should be prohibited and highly regulated. (7) The poaching and hunting of wildlife should be prevented as far as practicable. For example in Assam on horned rhinos are facing extinction on account of poachers trading them at an international level for monetary gains. (8) Care should be taken for the development and improvement of reserves and protected areas. (9) Efforts should be made to reduce the level of pollutants in the environment which causes an adverse